{"status":true,"post":{"id":36621,"user_id":30,"status":1,"type":1,"orde":null,"notification_type":3,"static_post":0,"published_at":"2023-01-23 12:46:00","created_at":"2023-01-23T09:46:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2023-01-23T09:46:00.000000Z","edited_at":"2024-12-17 22:35:21","source_id":null,"post_id":36621,"is_featured":0,"title":"Yeni rekabet alan\u0131 Afrika\u2019da otelcilik","slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"category_id":73,"description":"PROF. DR. AHMET KAVAS","content":"

PROF. DR. AHMET KAVAS<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

ABD\u2019de 1 milyon ki\u015fiye 15 bin otel odas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015ferken, bu say\u0131 Afrika ortalamas\u0131nda 168 oda, Sahraalt\u0131 Afrika\u2019da ise 89 odaya kadar iniyor. Bu durum, y\u00fcksek konaklama fiyat\u0131 olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Global turistlerin Afrika \u00fclkelerine y\u00f6neli\u015fi, otellere talebi art\u0131r\u0131yor. Uluslararas\u0131 otel zincirleri, k\u0131ta \u00fclkelerinde yerini almaya devam ediyor.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Turizm; ekonomik, sosyal ve \u00e7evre bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7 ana kesi\u015fme noktas\u0131yla do\u011frudan alakal\u0131 bir alan. Turizmin \u00f6nce seyahat eden insan unsuru ile ba\u015flamas\u0131, onu bir yerden gidece\u011fi co\u011frafyalara ula\u015ft\u0131ran karayolu, demiryolu, denizyolu ve havayolu vas\u0131talar\u0131yla devaml\u0131 geli\u015ferek yenilenmi\u015f oldu. Bu sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn belirli bir seviyeye geldi\u011fi \u00fclkelerde asl\u0131nda g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131n her taraf\u0131yla bir \u015fekilde ili\u015fkisi hemen \u015fekilleniyor. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck tezgahlar\u0131nda hediyelik e\u015fya satanlardan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc l\u00fcks\u00fc m\u00fc\u015fterileri i\u00e7in pazarlayan esnaf dahil b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7ark d\u00f6nmeye ba\u015fl\u0131yor. T\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n Afrika ile belki 30 sene, hatta 15-20 sene \u00f6ncesinde ili\u015fkilendirilmesi zordu. Fakat gelinen noktada k\u0131ta, her konudaki hassasiyetler gibi turizmin ana mekan\u0131 otellerin de d\u00fcnya markas\u0131 zincirler ile h\u0131zla geli\u015ftikleri alana d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bir anlamda Afrika \u00fclkeleri sahip olduklar\u0131 marka otelleriyle de hat\u0131rlanmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/span><\/p>


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1995 YILI B\u0130R M\u0130LAT<\/span><\/strong><\/p>


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1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda 6-7 milyon turist say\u0131s\u0131yla geli\u015fme e\u011filimine giren Afrika\u2019da 1995 y\u0131l\u0131 turizm i\u00e7in bir milat kabul edildi. Sonraki y\u0131llarda turist say\u0131s\u0131 devaml\u0131 artt\u0131 ve 1998\u2019e gelindi\u011finde 24 milyon turist ve 14 milyar dolar gelire ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. 2005-2008 aras\u0131 48 milyon turistle 41 milyar dolar\u0131, 2011-2014 aras\u0131nda 56 milyon turistle 47 milyar dolar\u0131 ve 2022\u2019de ise 67 milyon turistle 169 milyar dolar\u0131 buldu. 2030 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in 135 milyona ula\u015fmas\u0131 tahmin ediliyor ki, en az 300 milyar dolarl\u0131k bir gelir sa\u011flamas\u0131 demek.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>


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Bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkenin b\u00fct\u00e7esine turizmin katk\u0131s\u0131 olduk\u00e7a memnun edici. Fas Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131, 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda 9 milyar dolarl\u0131k gelir elde etti. Her \u00fclke adeta daha fazla l\u00fcks otel in\u015faat\u0131 i\u00e7in har\u0131l har\u0131l yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 ar\u0131yor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc l\u00fcks bir otel, en az 300 veya 400 ki\u015fiye do\u011frudan istihdam alan\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131yor. Marka bir otelin in\u015faat\u0131 ve gerekli her t\u00fcrl\u00fc malzeme temini ise daha faaliyete ba\u015flamadan \u00fclkelerin ekonomilerine ciddi katk\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Bu sebeple Sahraalt\u0131 Afrika her ge\u00e7en sene ciddi hamleleriyle otel say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle de oda say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p>


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K\u0130\u015e\u0130 BA\u015eINA OTEL<\/span><\/strong><\/p>


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ABD\u2019de 1 milyon ki\u015fiye 15 bin otel odas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015ferken bu say\u0131 Afrika ortalamas\u0131nda 168 oda, Sahraalt\u0131 Afrika\u2019da ise 89 odaya kadar iniyor. Herhangi bir l\u00fcks otel markas\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mayan konaklama yerleri bu rakamlara ilave edilirse Afrika\u2019daki oda say\u0131s\u0131 ifade edilenlerin en az be\u015f kat\u0131 rakamlara \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Buna ra\u011fmen Afrika\u2019daki oda say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayan beyan ortada.<\/span><\/p>


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\u015eu anda d\u00fcnyada seyahat eden 1 milyar 200 milyonluk kitleden Afrika\u2019ya u\u011frayanlar\u0131n veya k\u0131ta i\u00e7inde dola\u015fanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 sadece y\u00fczde 5\u2019ine denk d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. E\u011fer bu alanda en bakir olan Afrika i\u00e7in 2035 rakamlar\u0131 tutturulabilirse bu oran y\u00fczde 20\u2019lere kadar \u00e7\u0131kabilir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>


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Afrika otellerinde konaklayan m\u00fc\u015fteriler genelde gecelik konaklama fiyatlar\u0131ndan \u015fikayet\u00e7i. Bunun en \u00f6nemli sebebi, l\u00fcks yap\u0131lar\u0131n in\u015faat maliyetlerinin \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek tutmas\u0131. Dahas\u0131, gerekli kredilerin geri \u00f6demelerinin \u00e7ok a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 mebla\u011flar\u0131 bulmas\u0131. Nijerya\u2019da l\u00fcks bir oteldeki oda in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131n maliyeti 400 bin dolar\u0131, Gana\u2019da 250 bin dolar\u0131 a\u015f\u0131yor. Oysa ki d\u00fcnyada t\u00fcm hizmetleri sa\u011flayacak \u00f6zelliklere sahip otellerin her bir odas\u0131n\u0131n in\u015faat maliyeti 200 bin dolar civar\u0131nda. Asl\u0131nda otelcilik yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131ndaki masraflarda her \u00fclkenin \u00f6zel \u015fartlar\u0131 var ve bu birinden di\u011ferine de\u011fi\u015fiyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>


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MARKA OTELLER<\/span><\/strong><\/p>


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Otelcilikte marka \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan uluslararas\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f 23 ayr\u0131 \u015firketin Afrika\u2019da otel zincirleri yerini alm\u0131\u015f durumda. 48 \u00fclke aras\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle 8 \u00fclke turizmde ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bulunuyor. 10 \u00fclkenin daha k\u0131sa zamanda ba\u015far\u0131 hedefine ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>


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2000\u2019li y\u0131llar, Afrika turizmi i\u00e7in ekonomik kalk\u0131nmada hayati bir kald\u0131ra\u00e7 olarak kabul ediliyor. GSY\u0130H\u2019de y\u00fczde 7\u2019lik oran\u0131 ile 169 milyar dolara ula\u015fan miktar dikkatlerden ka\u00e7m\u0131yor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>


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2020 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda Afrika, seyahat ve turizm gelirlerinden 55 milyar dolar\u0131 Covid-19 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden kaybetti. K\u0131tada ilk defa Covid-19 ile ya\u015fanan s\u00fcre\u00e7te fark edildi ki, en h\u0131zl\u0131 ve direnci en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u00fcre\u00e7ler de bu alanda ya\u015fanacak. Dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ise bu alanda daha fazla \u00e7e\u015fitlendirilen pazarlarla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilece\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Otelcili\u011fin h\u0131zl\u0131 kalk\u0131nma hamlesi ya\u015fayacak \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in en kolay alan bulunmas\u0131 sebebiyle burada \u00f6nemli olan zarar etmemek ve gelirleri ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeden art\u0131rabilmektir. 1995-1998 y\u0131llar\u0131nda bu alan\u0131n Afrika\u2019da kendisinden s\u00f6z ettirmesiyle birlikte herhangi bir \u00fclkede bir turistin kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na ortalama harcamas\u0131 580 dolar civar\u0131nda idi. Bu rakam 2010\u2019lu y\u0131llar\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda 850 dolara kadar y\u00fckseldi. Haliyle \u00fclkelerin GSY\u0130H\u2019lerine de ciddi oranda yans\u0131d\u0131. Angola\u2019da y\u00fczde 26, Kabo Verde\u2019de y\u00fczde 18 ve Gana\u2019da da ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde y\u00fczde 18\u2019e ula\u015ft\u0131. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

YERL\u0130 Z\u0130NC\u0130RLER<\/span><\/strong><\/p>


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D\u00fcnyan\u0131n marka otelleri her ne kadar Afrika\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131mlar ile bu alandaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck pay\u0131 alsalar da Afrikal\u0131 otel zincirleri de sahadaki yerlerini al\u0131yor. 1994\u2019te Mali\u2019de Azalai Hotel, 2008\u2019de Libya-Tunus ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan ve 2017\u2019de 15 \u00fclkede 23 oteli olan Laico&Ledger Hotels, 2009\u2019da a\u00e7\u0131lan ve 2018\u2019de 9 \u00fclkede 12 otele ula\u015fan Group Oromo Hotels ve Senegalli yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 Yerim Sow\u2019un Mangalis otel zinciri Noom, Seen ve Yaas ve \u00f6zellikle G\u00fcney Afrikal\u0131 Protea Hotels Group\u2019un 2014\u2019te 166 oteli bulunmas\u0131, yerli markalar\u0131n \u00f6nemini giderek art\u0131r\u0131yor. Bunlardan ilk defa 1994\u2019te otelcili\u011fe ba\u015flayan ve 2005\u2019te Tuareglerin Tema\u015fek dilinde B\u00fcy\u00fck Sahra\u2019da t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n tuz ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 kervana isim olan Azalai kelimesini tercih eden Mossadeck Bally, art\u0131k kendisinden s\u0131k\u00e7a s\u00f6z ettiriyor. 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda otel zincirini uluslararas\u0131 World Hotels ile birle\u015ftirdi. 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda otelcilikte yerli marka ile ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 yapan Malili Azalai Otel zinciri, Bat\u0131 \u00ad\u00adAfrika\u2019da 9 ayr\u0131 otele sahip.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>


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GLOBAL REKABET<\/span><\/strong><\/p>


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Uluslararas\u0131 otel zincirleri g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde en b\u00fcy\u00fck rekabeti Afrika\u2019da ya\u015f\u0131yor. K\u0131ta i\u00e7indeki yerli otel yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 y\u00fczde 35 seviyesinde kal\u0131rken, d\u0131\u015f yat\u0131r\u0131mlar y\u00fczde 65 seviyesinde olduk\u00e7a iyi bir orana sahip. \u0130spanyol RIU Group, 29 Afrika \u00fclkesinde 100\u2019den fazla otel i\u015fletiyor. Sadece Senegal\u2019deki otelinin 522 odas\u0131 var ve bunu 1024 odaya \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Radisson Blu, Radisson Red, Group Accor Hotels, Movenpick, Pullamn, Hilton, Marriott, Sheraton, Hyatt, Ramada isimleri alt\u0131nda Afrika\u2019da mevcut otellerin say\u0131s\u0131 4 bini ge\u00e7ti. Sadece 2015 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren yap\u0131lanlarla otel say\u0131s\u0131nda y\u00fczde 30 oran\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f var. Hatta l\u00fcks otellerde yatak say\u0131s\u0131 2009\u2019da 30 bin iken, 2016\u2019da 64 bine y\u00fckseldi. O d\u00f6nemde de 2020\u2019ye kadar 50 bin yeni odan\u0131n hizmete al\u0131nmas\u0131 planland\u0131. Sadece Radisson\u2019un 2016\u2019da 29 Afrika \u00fclkesinde 90 oteli vard\u0131 ve bu say\u0131y\u0131 100\u2019e \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. \u00d6zellikle Frans\u0131z Accor, 10 farkl\u0131 marka oteli ile 19 \u00fclkede 100\u2019den fazla otele sahip. World Hospitality Group\u2019un k\u0131tada 2018\u2019de 418 otelinde 76 bin odas\u0131 vard\u0131. T\u00fcm otel zincirleri oda say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yeni yat\u0131r\u0131mlara y\u00f6neliyor. Yine Hilton Worldwide mevcut 40 kadar oteline bir o kadar daha ilave etmeyi, 1993\u2019te ABD\u2019li bir operat\u00f6r\u00fcn kurdu\u011fu Marriott ise 30 farkl\u0131 marka oteliyle 22 Afrika \u00fclkesindeki 110 oteline 40 kadar daha yenisini katmay\u0131, Carlson Rezidor 32 olan otelini 34\u2019e, Hilton 41 otelini 53\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p b\u00fcy\u00fctmeyi hedefledi. 2017\u2019deki Hospitality Report Africa isimli rapora g\u00f6re, 10 l\u00fcks otel zincirine ba\u011fl\u0131 347 otelde 65 bin 297 oda vard\u0131. Oysa bu rakam 2009\u2019da 144 otel ve 30 bin odadan ibaretti.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>


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YILDIZI PARLAYAN \u00dcLKELER<\/span><\/strong><\/p>


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