\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131nda en \u00e7ok rastlanan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klardan biri de i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi hususunda ya\u015fan\u0131yor. Bu de\u011fi\u015fiklikler i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fyerindeki g\u00f6revinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir g\u00f6revde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanmas\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere i\u015fyerinin veya i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrelerinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi, ekstra g\u00f6rev art\u0131\u015f\u0131, farkl\u0131 yeni g\u00f6revlerin y\u00fcklenmesi, yer de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, nakil ya da \u00fccret ve yan haklarda de\u011fi\u015fiklik \u015feklinde olabilir.\u00a0<\/p>
\u0130\u015f\u00e7inin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fartlar\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik ile i\u015fverenin y\u00f6netim hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda izlenmesi gereken prosed\u00fcr, en \u00e7ok merak edilen hususlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda geliyor. Yarg\u0131tay 9. Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin emsal nitelikte karar\u0131, bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda de\u011ferlendirildi.\u00a0<\/p>
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KARAR B\u0130LG\u0130LER\u0130<\/strong><\/p> Karar\u0131 veren daire ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/strong> Yarg\u0131tay 9. Hukuk Dairesi\u00a0<\/p> Karar bilgileri:<\/strong> Esas No. 2024\/12293, Karar No. 2024\/13588<\/p> Yasal dayana\u011f\u0131:\u00a0<\/strong>4857 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu'nun \u2018\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik ve i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin feshi\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 22. maddesi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, uygulaman\u0131n yasal dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil ediyor.<\/p> KARARIN KONUSU<\/strong><\/p> Bir \u00e7ikolata fabrikas\u0131nda vas\u0131fs\u0131z i\u015f\u00e7i olarak \u00fcretimde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flayan bir i\u015f\u00e7inin, daha sonra g\u00f6rev yeri temizlik\u00e7i olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirildi. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i, i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan mobbing'e maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, fazla mesai, hafta tatili ve resmi tatillerde zorla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00fccretlerinin eksik \u00f6dendi\u011fini ve son 1.5 ayda r\u0131zas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00fccretsiz izne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrerek dava a\u00e7t\u0131. Talebi; k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131, ihbar tazminat\u0131, y\u0131ll\u0131k izin \u00fccreti, fazla mesai ve tatil \u00fccretlerinin tahsiliydi.<\/p> \u0130\u015fveren ise i\u015f\u00e7inin s\u00f6zle\u015fmede her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015fte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 kabul etti\u011fini, organizasyon de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi nedeniyle temizlik b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne atand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ancak i\u015f\u00e7inin bunu reddedip i\u015fyerini terk etti\u011fini savundu. \u0130\u015fverene g\u00f6re, i\u015f\u00e7inin devams\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle s\u00f6zle\u015fme hakl\u0131 feshedilmi\u015fti ve hi\u00e7bir alacak yoktu.<\/p> YEREL MAHKEME REDDETT\u0130<\/strong><\/p> Yerel mahkeme, davay\u0131 reddetti. Mahkeme, dosya belgeleri ve tan\u0131k ifadelerine dayanarak, i\u015f\u00e7inin g\u00f6rev de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini kabul etmemesi sonras\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn devams\u0131zl\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu nedenle i\u015fverenin hakl\u0131 fesih yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirledi. Bilirki\u015fi raporu da di\u011fer alacaklar\u0131n (fazla mesai, tatil \u00fccretleri vb.) \u00f6denmi\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyordu. Mahkeme, i\u015f\u00e7inin s\u00f6zle\u015fmedeki \u2018her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015fte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 kabul\u2019 maddesine at\u0131f yaparak, de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin esasl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc.\u00a0<\/p> \u0130ST\u0130NAF A\u015eAMASI<\/strong><\/p> \u0130\u015f\u00e7i, karar\u0131 istinafa ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi, istinaf\u0131 esastan reddetti. Mahkeme, yerel mahkemenin de\u011ferlendirmesinde usul ve esas hatas\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulad\u0131. Tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131n\u0131n ortalamas\u0131, \u00fccret bordrolar\u0131, banka kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ve puantajlar (giri\u015f-\u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f kay\u0131tlar\u0131) incelendi\u011finde, i\u015f\u00e7inin devams\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakl\u0131 fesih nedeniydi. Y\u0131ll\u0131k izinler kulland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f veya \u00f6denmi\u015f, di\u011fer \u00fccretler de tam verilmi\u015fti. Mahkeme, g\u00f6rev de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye uygun oldu\u011funu belirterek, i\u015f\u00e7inin k\u0131dem ve ihbar tazminatlar\u0131na hak kazanamayaca\u011f\u0131na h\u00fckmetti.<\/p> \u2018ESASLI DE\u011e\u0130\u015e\u0130KL\u0130K\u2019 TESP\u0130T\u0130 \u00a0<\/strong><\/p> \u0130\u015f\u00e7i, bunun \u00fczerine temyize gitti. Yarg\u0131tay 9. Hukuk Dairesi, karar\u0131 bozdu. Bozma gerek\u00e7esi netti: G\u00f6rev de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131nda \u2018esasl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklik\u2019 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespit edilmesi gerekiyordu. Mahkeme bunu g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmi\u015fti. Yerel mahkeme, bozmaya uydu ve yeni karar verdi. Bu kez, i\u015f\u00e7inin s\u00f6zle\u015fmedeki maddesine (i\u015fveren her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015fte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 kabul eder) dayanarak, de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin esasl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tekrarlad\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin devams\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakl\u0131 fesih nedeniydi; tazminatlar reddedildi.\u00a0<\/p> \u0130\u015e HUKUKUNDA D\u00d6N\u00dcM NOKTASI<\/strong><\/p> \u0130\u015f\u00e7i, tekrar temyize ba\u015fvurdu. Yarg\u0131tay 9. Hukuk Dairesi, karar\u0131 tekrar bozdu. Bu karar, i\u015f hukukunda bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 niteli\u011finde. Yarg\u0131tay, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n odak noktas\u0131n\u0131, \u2018\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131nda esasl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklik\u2019 olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131.\u00a0<\/p> \u0130\u015f Kanunu'nun 22. maddesine g\u00f6re, i\u015fveren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7inin r\u0131zas\u0131 olmadan esasl\u0131 \u015fekilde de\u011fi\u015ftiremez. Yarg\u0131tay'\u0131n vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilkeler \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/em><\/strong><\/p> * \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131: \u0130\u015f ili\u015fkisinden do\u011fan t\u00fcm hak ve bor\u00e7lar (g\u00f6rev, \u00fccret, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri vb.) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131d\u0131r. De\u011fi\u015fiklikten s\u00f6z etmek i\u00e7in mevcut ko\u015fullar\u0131n netle\u015ftirilmesi \u015fart.<\/p> * \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin r\u0131zas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131: De\u011fi\u015fiklik \u00f6nerisi yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmal\u0131 ve i\u015f\u00e7iye 6 i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00fcre tan\u0131nmal\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i yaz\u0131l\u0131 kabul etmezse, de\u011fi\u015fiklik ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fil. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i devam ederse, eski ko\u015fullar ge\u00e7erli kal\u0131r.<\/p> * Esasl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklik kriteri: De\u011fi\u015fiklik, i\u015f\u00e7inin aleyhine olmal\u0131 ve r\u0131zas\u0131 hilaf\u0131na yap\u0131lmamal\u0131. Somut olayda, engelli i\u015f\u00e7inin hafif i\u015ften temizlik i\u015fine ge\u00e7irilmesi esasl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikti.\u00a0<\/p> * \u0130\u015fverenin y\u00f6netim hakk\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131: \u0130\u015fveren organizasyon de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yapabilir, ancak bu i\u015f\u00e7inin haklar\u0131n\u0131 geriye g\u00f6t\u00fcrmemeli. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i kabul etmezse, i\u015fveren fesih i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli neden a\u00e7\u0131klamal\u0131 ve bildirim s\u00fcresine uymal\u0131.<\/p> * \u0130\u015f hukukunun geli\u015fimci yap\u0131s\u0131: Yarg\u0131tay, i\u015f hukukunun i\u015f\u00e7i haklar\u0131n\u0131 ileriye ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulad\u0131. Geriye gidi\u015fler r\u0131za olmadan kabul edilemez.<\/p> Yarg\u0131tay, yerel mahkemenin hatas\u0131n\u0131 belirterek, i\u015f\u00e7inin s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin haks\u0131z feshedildi\u011fini ve tazminatlara hak kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 h\u00fckmetti. Karar, oybirli\u011fiyle al\u0131nd\u0131 ve dosya yerel mahkemeye iade edildi.\u00a0<\/p> Bu karar, Yarg\u0131tay'\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i lehine yorumunu peki\u015ftiriyor. \u00d6nceki bozmada vurgulanan \u2018esasl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklik tespiti\u2019ni derinle\u015ftirerek, engelli i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00f6zel durumunu dikkate ald\u0131. \u0130\u015fverenlerin s\u00f6zle\u015fmedeki genel maddelere (her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015fte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 kabul) dayanarak s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 netle\u015ftirdi. Bu, i\u015f hukukunda \u2018i\u015f\u00e7inin korunmas\u0131\u2019 ilkesini g\u00fc\u00e7lendiriyor ve benzer davalara emsal olacak.\u00a0<\/p> KARARDAN ALINMASI GEREKEN DERSLER\u00a0 Yarg\u0131tay'\u0131n bu karar\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ili\u015fkilerinde dengeleri yeniden \u015fekillendiriyor. Bu karar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde i\u015f\u00e7i ve i\u015fverenler i\u00e7in dikkat edilmesi gereken ba\u015fl\u0131ca hususlar \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/p> \u00a0\u0130\u015f\u00e7iler i\u00e7in dikkat edilecekler<\/em><\/strong><\/p> * G\u00f6rev de\u011fi\u015fikliklerini de\u011ferlendirin: Yeni g\u00f6rev, mevcut i\u015finizden daha a\u011f\u0131r veya aleyhinize ise bunu \u2018esasl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklik\u2019 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcn. Yaz\u0131l\u0131 kabul etmeyin; 6 i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00fcrenizi kullan\u0131n. Kabul etmezseniz, eski ko\u015fullarda devam edebilirsiniz.<\/p> * Devams\u0131zl\u0131k tuza\u011f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmeyin: De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi reddedip i\u015fyerini terk etmeyin. Bu, i\u015fverene hakl\u0131 fesih imkan\u0131 verir. Devam edin ve yasal yollara ba\u015fvurun.\u00a0<\/p> * Engelli veya b\u00fcnyenize uygun olmayan g\u00f6rev de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi s\u00f6z konusu ise bu de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin sa\u011fl\u0131k durumunuzu nas\u0131l etkiledi\u011fini belgeleyin.\u00a0<\/p> \u0130\u015fverenler i\u00e7in dikkat edilecekler<\/em><\/strong><\/p> * De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yaz\u0131l\u0131 ve s\u00fcreli yap\u0131n: Herhangi bir g\u00f6rev de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini yaz\u0131l\u0131 bildirin ve i\u015f\u00e7iye 6 i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00fcre verin. Esasl\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nceden de\u011ferlendirin.<\/p> * S\u00f6zle\u015fme maddelerini s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z kullanmay\u0131n: \u2018Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015fte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 kabul\u2019 gibi genel maddeler, esasl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rmaz. Engelli, hamile ve di\u011fer \u00f6zel durumlar\u0131 olan i\u015f\u00e7ilerde daha dikkatli olun.<\/p> * Organizasyon de\u011fi\u015fikliklerini objektif kriterlerle gerek\u00e7elendirin: De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri i\u015f ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na dayand\u0131r\u0131n ve i\u015f\u00e7inin r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131n. Red durumunda, fesih i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli neden yaz\u0131n ve ihbar s\u00fcresine uyun.<\/p> * Kay\u0131t tutun: Puantaj, bordro, g\u00f6rg\u00fc tan\u0131k tutanaklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenli tutun. Yap\u0131lan t\u00fcm \u00f6demeleri tutarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde belgeleyin.<\/p> \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131nda en \u00e7ok rastlanan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klardan biri de i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi hususunda ya\u015fan\u0131yor. Bu de\u011fi\u015fiklikler i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fyerindeki g\u00f6revinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir g\u00f6revde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanmas\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere i\u015fyerinin veya i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrelerinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi, ekstra g\u00f6rev art\u0131\u015f\u0131, farkl\u0131 yeni g\u00f6revlerin y\u00fcklenmesi, yer de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, nakil ya da \u00fccret ve yan haklarda de\u011fi\u015fiklik \u015feklinde olabilir.\u00a0<\/p> \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fartlar\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik ile i\u015fverenin y\u00f6netim hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda izlenmesi gereken prosed\u00fcr, en \u00e7ok merak edilen hususlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda geliyor. Yarg\u0131tay 9. Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin emsal nitelikte karar\u0131, bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda de\u011ferlendirildi.\u00a0<\/p> KARAR B\u0130LG\u0130LER\u0130<\/strong><\/p> Karar\u0131 veren daire ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/strong> Yarg\u0131tay 9. Hukuk Dairesi\u00a0<\/p> Karar bilgileri:<\/strong> Esas No. 2024\/12293, Karar No. 2024\/13588<\/p> Yasal dayana\u011f\u0131:\u00a0<\/strong>4857 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu'nun \u2018\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik ve i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin feshi\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 22. maddesi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, uygulaman\u0131n yasal dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil ediyor.<\/p> KARARIN KONUSU<\/strong><\/p> Bir \u00e7ikolata fabrikas\u0131nda vas\u0131fs\u0131z i\u015f\u00e7i olarak \u00fcretimde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flayan bir i\u015f\u00e7inin, daha sonra g\u00f6rev yeri temizlik\u00e7i olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirildi. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i, i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan mobbing'e maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, fazla mesai, hafta tatili ve resmi tatillerde zorla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00fccretlerinin eksik \u00f6dendi\u011fini ve son 1.5 ayda r\u0131zas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00fccretsiz izne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrerek dava a\u00e7t\u0131. Talebi; k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131, ihbar tazminat\u0131, y\u0131ll\u0131k izin \u00fccreti, fazla mesai ve tatil \u00fccretlerinin tahsiliydi.<\/p> \u0130\u015fveren ise i\u015f\u00e7inin s\u00f6zle\u015fmede her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015fte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 kabul etti\u011fini, organizasyon de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi nedeniyle temizlik b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne atand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ancak i\u015f\u00e7inin bunu reddedip i\u015fyerini terk etti\u011fini savundu. \u0130\u015fverene g\u00f6re, i\u015f\u00e7inin devams\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle s\u00f6zle\u015fme hakl\u0131 feshedilmi\u015fti ve hi\u00e7bir alacak yoktu.<\/p> YEREL MAHKEME REDDETT\u0130<\/strong><\/p> Yerel mahkeme, davay\u0131 reddetti. Mahkeme, dosya belgeleri ve tan\u0131k ifadelerine dayanarak, i\u015f\u00e7inin g\u00f6rev de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini kabul etmemesi sonras\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn devams\u0131zl\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu nedenle i\u015fverenin hakl\u0131 fesih yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirledi. Bilirki\u015fi raporu da di\u011fer alacaklar\u0131n (fazla mesai, tatil \u00fccretleri vb.) \u00f6denmi\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyordu. Mahkeme, i\u015f\u00e7inin s\u00f6zle\u015fmedeki \u2018her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015fte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 kabul\u2019 maddesine at\u0131f yaparak, de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin esasl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc.\u00a0<\/p> \u0130ST\u0130NAF A\u015eAMASI<\/strong><\/p> \u0130\u015f\u00e7i, karar\u0131 istinafa ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi, istinaf\u0131 esastan reddetti. Mahkeme, yerel mahkemenin de\u011ferlendirmesinde usul ve esas hatas\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulad\u0131. Tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131n\u0131n ortalamas\u0131, \u00fccret bordrolar\u0131, banka kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ve puantajlar (giri\u015f-\u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f kay\u0131tlar\u0131) incelendi\u011finde, i\u015f\u00e7inin devams\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakl\u0131 fesih nedeniydi. Y\u0131ll\u0131k izinler kulland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f veya \u00f6denmi\u015f, di\u011fer \u00fccretler de tam verilmi\u015fti. Mahkeme, g\u00f6rev de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye uygun oldu\u011funu belirterek, i\u015f\u00e7inin k\u0131dem ve ihbar tazminatlar\u0131na hak kazanamayaca\u011f\u0131na h\u00fckmetti.<\/p> \u2018ESASLI DE\u011e\u0130\u015e\u0130KL\u0130K\u2019 TESP\u0130T\u0130 \u00a0<\/strong><\/p> \u0130\u015f\u00e7i, bunun \u00fczerine temyize gitti. Yarg\u0131tay 9. Hukuk Dairesi, karar\u0131 bozdu. Bozma gerek\u00e7esi netti: G\u00f6rev de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131nda \u2018esasl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklik\u2019 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespit edilmesi gerekiyordu. Mahkeme bunu g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmi\u015fti. Yerel mahkeme, bozmaya uydu ve yeni karar verdi. Bu kez, i\u015f\u00e7inin s\u00f6zle\u015fmedeki maddesine (i\u015fveren her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015fte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 kabul eder) dayanarak, de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin esasl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tekrarlad\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin devams\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakl\u0131 fesih nedeniydi; tazminatlar reddedildi.\u00a0<\/p> \u0130\u015e HUKUKUNDA D\u00d6N\u00dcM NOKTASI<\/strong><\/p> \u0130\u015f\u00e7i, tekrar temyize ba\u015fvurdu. Yarg\u0131tay 9. Hukuk Dairesi, karar\u0131 tekrar bozdu. Bu karar, i\u015f hukukunda bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 niteli\u011finde. Yarg\u0131tay, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n odak noktas\u0131n\u0131, \u2018\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131nda esasl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklik\u2019 olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131.\u00a0<\/p> \u0130\u015f Kanunu'nun 22. maddesine g\u00f6re, i\u015fveren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7inin r\u0131zas\u0131 olmadan esasl\u0131 \u015fekilde de\u011fi\u015ftiremez. Yarg\u0131tay'\u0131n vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilkeler \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/em><\/strong><\/p> * \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131: \u0130\u015f ili\u015fkisinden do\u011fan t\u00fcm hak ve bor\u00e7lar (g\u00f6rev, \u00fccret, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri vb.) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131d\u0131r. De\u011fi\u015fiklikten s\u00f6z etmek i\u00e7in mevcut ko\u015fullar\u0131n netle\u015ftirilmesi \u015fart.<\/p> * \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin r\u0131zas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131: De\u011fi\u015fiklik \u00f6nerisi yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmal\u0131 ve i\u015f\u00e7iye 6 i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00fcre tan\u0131nmal\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i yaz\u0131l\u0131 kabul etmezse, de\u011fi\u015fiklik ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fil. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i devam ederse, eski ko\u015fullar ge\u00e7erli kal\u0131r.<\/p> * Esasl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklik kriteri: De\u011fi\u015fiklik, i\u015f\u00e7inin aleyhine olmal\u0131 ve r\u0131zas\u0131 hilaf\u0131na yap\u0131lmamal\u0131. Somut olayda, engelli i\u015f\u00e7inin hafif i\u015ften temizlik i\u015fine ge\u00e7irilmesi esasl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikti.\u00a0<\/p> * \u0130\u015fverenin y\u00f6netim hakk\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131: \u0130\u015fveren organizasyon de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yapabilir, ancak bu i\u015f\u00e7inin haklar\u0131n\u0131 geriye g\u00f6t\u00fcrmemeli. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i kabul etmezse, i\u015fveren fesih i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli neden a\u00e7\u0131klamal\u0131 ve bildirim s\u00fcresine uymal\u0131.<\/p> * \u0130\u015f hukukunun geli\u015fimci yap\u0131s\u0131: Yarg\u0131tay, i\u015f hukukunun i\u015f\u00e7i haklar\u0131n\u0131 ileriye ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulad\u0131. Geriye gidi\u015fler r\u0131za olmadan kabul edilemez.<\/p> Yarg\u0131tay, yerel mahkemenin hatas\u0131n\u0131 belirterek, i\u015f\u00e7inin s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin haks\u0131z feshedildi\u011fini ve tazminatlara hak kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 h\u00fckmetti. Karar, oybirli\u011fiyle al\u0131nd\u0131 ve dosya yerel mahkemeye iade edildi.\u00a0<\/p> Bu karar, Yarg\u0131tay'\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i lehine yorumunu peki\u015ftiriyor. \u00d6nceki bozmada vurgulanan \u2018esasl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklik tespiti\u2019ni derinle\u015ftirerek, engelli i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00f6zel durumunu dikkate ald\u0131. \u0130\u015fverenlerin s\u00f6zle\u015fmedeki genel maddelere (her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015fte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 kabul) dayanarak s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 netle\u015ftirdi. Bu, i\u015f hukukunda \u2018i\u015f\u00e7inin korunmas\u0131\u2019 ilkesini g\u00fc\u00e7lendiriyor ve benzer davalara emsal olacak.\u00a0<\/p> KARARDAN ALINMASI GEREKEN DERSLER\u00a0 Yarg\u0131tay'\u0131n bu karar\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ili\u015fkilerinde dengeleri yeniden \u015fekillendiriyor. Bu karar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde i\u015f\u00e7i ve i\u015fverenler i\u00e7in dikkat edilmesi gereken ba\u015fl\u0131ca hususlar \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/p> \u00a0\u0130\u015f\u00e7iler i\u00e7in dikkat edilecekler<\/em><\/strong><\/p> * G\u00f6rev de\u011fi\u015fikliklerini de\u011ferlendirin: Yeni g\u00f6rev, mevcut i\u015finizden daha a\u011f\u0131r veya aleyhinize ise bunu \u2018esasl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklik\u2019 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcn. Yaz\u0131l\u0131 kabul etmeyin; 6 i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00fcrenizi kullan\u0131n. Kabul etmezseniz, eski ko\u015fullarda devam edebilirsiniz.<\/p> * Devams\u0131zl\u0131k tuza\u011f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmeyin: De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi reddedip i\u015fyerini terk etmeyin. Bu, i\u015fverene hakl\u0131 fesih imkan\u0131 verir. Devam edin ve yasal yollara ba\u015fvurun.\u00a0<\/p> * Engelli veya b\u00fcnyenize uygun olmayan g\u00f6rev de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi s\u00f6z konusu ise bu de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin sa\u011fl\u0131k durumunuzu nas\u0131l etkiledi\u011fini belgeleyin.\u00a0<\/p> \u0130\u015fverenler i\u00e7in dikkat edilecekler<\/em><\/strong><\/p> * De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yaz\u0131l\u0131 ve s\u00fcreli yap\u0131n: Herhangi bir g\u00f6rev de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini yaz\u0131l\u0131 bildirin ve i\u015f\u00e7iye 6 i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00fcre verin. Esasl\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nceden de\u011ferlendirin.<\/p> * S\u00f6zle\u015fme maddelerini s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z kullanmay\u0131n: \u2018Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015fte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 kabul\u2019 gibi genel maddeler, esasl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rmaz. Engelli, hamile ve di\u011fer \u00f6zel durumlar\u0131 olan i\u015f\u00e7ilerde daha dikkatli olun.<\/p> * Organizasyon de\u011fi\u015fikliklerini objektif kriterlerle gerek\u00e7elendirin: De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri i\u015f ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na dayand\u0131r\u0131n ve i\u015f\u00e7inin r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131n. Red durumunda, fesih i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli neden yaz\u0131n ve ihbar s\u00fcresine uyun.<\/p> * Kay\u0131t tutun: Puantaj, bordro, g\u00f6rg\u00fc tan\u0131k tutanaklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenli tutun. Yap\u0131lan t\u00fcm \u00f6demeleri tutarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde belgeleyin.<\/p>
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