<\/p>
Washington Konsens\u00fcs\u00fc, ABD\u2019nin 1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda G7\u2019nin di\u011fer ekonomilerini de ikna ederek, IMF, D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131, Ekonomik \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi ve Kalk\u0131nma Te\u015fkilat\u0131 (OECD) ve 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan itibaren D\u00fcnya Ticaret Te\u015fkilat\u0131 (WTO) \u00fczerinden d\u00fcnyaya \u00f6nerdi\u011fi, hatta bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde empoze etti\u011fi neo-liberal ekonomik d\u00fczenin ad\u0131. 1980\u2019li y\u0131llardan itibaren IMF ve D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7alan ve ekonomik yard\u0131m isteyen her \u00fclkeye adeta \u2018standart paket\u2019 olarak \u00f6nerilen ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeye benimsetilen bir modelden s\u00f6z ediyoruz. \u2018Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z merkez bankas\u0131\u2019 kavram\u0131 alt\u0131nda, asl\u0131nda serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lan ve y\u00fcksek seviyede tutulan faiz hadleri, bu modelin \u00f6nemli bir sacaya\u011f\u0131. Amac\u0131, y\u00fcksek faiz hadleri ile \u00f6nde gelen geli\u015fmekte olan ekonomilerin para biriminin de\u011fer kazanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve daha y\u00fcksek miktarda G7 \u00fclkelerinden \u2018ithalat\u2019 yapmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamay\u0131 hedefleyen bir model.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> Do\u011fal olarak, Washington Konsens\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn di\u011fer sacaya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da \u2018t\u00fcm\u00fcyle serbest ticaret kurallar\u0131\u2019 olu\u015fturuyor. WTO arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla uluslararas\u0131 ticaretin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki engellerin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile geli\u015fmi\u015f ve geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda k\u00fcresel ticaret zincirine ba\u011fl\u0131 bir \u2018ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k\u2019 mekanizmas\u0131 olu\u015fturmaya, geli\u015fmekte olan ekonomileri y\u00fcksek miktarda ithalat yapmaktan \u2018korkmamaya\u2019 \u00f6zendiren bir model. Peki, b\u00f6yle bir model \u00f6nde gelen geli\u015fmi\u015f ve geli\u015fmekte olan ekonomiler i\u00e7in \u2018cari i\u015flemler a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na sebep olursa. \u0130\u015fte tam da bu noktada, s\u00f6z konusu neo-liberal modelin 3. sacaya\u011f\u0131 devreye giriyor: \u2018Finanse edildikten sonra, cari a\u00e7\u0131k bir sorun de\u011fildir\u2019 pompalamas\u0131. Yani, geli\u015fmi\u015f ve \u00f6nde gelen geli\u015fmekte olan ekonomilerin uluslararas\u0131 sermaye hareketlerine \u2018t\u00fcm\u00fcyle a\u00e7\u0131k\u2019 hale gelmeye ikna edilmesi. IMF, D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 ve OECD\u2019nin kabartarak \u00f6nerdikleri bu model, 40 y\u0131lda geli\u015fmi\u015f ve \u00f6nde gelen geli\u015fmekte olan ekonomilerin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc \u2018d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7 girdab\u0131\u2019na \u00e7ekti.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> A\u015eIRI L\u0130BERAL S\u0130STEM SORGULANIYOR<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u2018Washington Konsens\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019, \u2018k\u00fcresel enflasyon riski\u2019nin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc alamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi mevcut \u2018k\u00fcresel tedarik zinciri\u2019nin sebep oldu\u011fu \u2018a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k riski\u2019 ve \u2018k\u00fcresel bor\u00e7 girdab\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sebep oldu\u011fu endi\u015feler yetmezmi\u015f gibi \u00f6nerdi\u011fi \u2018a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 liberal\u2019 finansal reformlar ve \u2018dereg\u00fcle\u2019, yani a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kurallardan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bankac\u0131l\u0131k ve sermaye piyasas\u0131 ortam\u0131 nedeniyle 2008 k\u00fcresel finans krizine ve bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 bir anda iflaslara \u015fahit oldu\u011fumuz bir bankac\u0131l\u0131k sistemine sebep oldu. 40 y\u0131l\u0131n \u00f6zeti esasen \u2018tam bir fiyasko\u2019. \u015eimdi, sistemin kurucusu ABD ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, d\u00fcnya ekonomisinin \u00f6nde gelen 40 \u00fclkesi, \u2018a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 liberal\u2019 k\u00fcresel finans sistemini, \u2018a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 liberal\u2019 k\u00fcresel ticaret sistemini ba\u015ftan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya sorguluyor. Bu modelin dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 para ve maliye politikas\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131ndaki sorunlar ise halen tam masaya yat\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f de\u011fil. Ama onlara da s\u0131ra gelecek. Hele, d\u00fcnya ekonomisinin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcnde merkez bankalar\u0131n\u0131n para piyasalar\u0131nda eskisi kadar etkin olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ciddi manada sorgulan\u0131rken.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u00d6NCEL\u0130K KEND\u0130NE YETEB\u0130LEN EKONOM\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u015eimdi, k\u00fcresel ekonomik sistem yeni bir \u2018Washington Konsens\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019 aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve in\u015fas\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya. \u00d6yle ki, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 serbest bir k\u00fcresel ticaret sisteminde, \u2018ithalata ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131\u2019 bir b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin verdi\u011fi zararlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcp, art\u0131k \u2018yerli ve milli\u2019 \u00fcretime ve ihracata dayal\u0131 ve daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme modeline odaklanmay\u0131, bu ama\u00e7la s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir altyap\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na dayal\u0131, \u00fclkenin \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn yat\u0131r\u0131m i\u015ftah\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zendirici bir kalk\u0131nma hamlesi. \u00dclkeleri, \u00e7evrenin korunmas\u0131na, s\u0131f\u0131r at\u0131k ve net-s\u0131f\u0131r karbona dayal\u0131 \u2018sorumlu\u2019 bir \u00fcretim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na, \u2018yerli ve milli\u2019 imkanlar\u0131 aya\u011fa kald\u0131racak, \u2018kendine yetebilen\u2019 bir ekonomik anlay\u0131\u015fa \u00f6zendirecek yeni bir k\u00fcresel ekonomik d\u00fczen anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan, bu y\u00f6nde bir aray\u0131\u015ftan s\u00f6z ediyoruz. \u00dclkelerin, hammadde, ara mamul, madenler, nadir mineral ve metaller, nihai \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde \u2018ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131\u2019 bir k\u00fcresel tedarik zinciri sistemini sorgulad\u0131klar\u0131 ve tedarik-\u00fcretim-ihracat katma de\u011fer zincirini yeniden tasarlad\u0131klar\u0131 yeni bir model aray\u0131\u015f\u0131. Enerji, tar\u0131m, g\u0131da, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve savunma gibi alanlarda \u2018kendine yetebilme\u2019yi \u00f6nceliklendirdikleri yeni bir k\u00fcresel modelin in\u015fas\u0131. Ba\u015far\u0131labilinecek mi, birlikte g\u00f6rece\u011fiz.<\/span><\/p>","slug":"washington-konsensusu-fiyaskosu-ve-yeni-arayislar","tags":null,"meta_title":null,"meta_description":null,"meta_keywords":null,"news_cover_min":null,"news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"view_count":1605,"cropped_1200x675":null,"user":{"id":11,"name":"KEREM","surname":"ALK\u0130N","email":"irem05@daglaroglu.com","slug":"prof-dr-kerem-alkin","avatar":"\/front\/uploads\/avatar\/17336916000GNrERW0ucj2Ja7.webp","status":1,"role":1,"email_verified_at":null,"orde":null,"created_at":"2022-09-15T09:39:41.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-18T09:50:43.000000Z","seo_title":null,"seo_description":null},"translations":[{"id":39794,"is_featured":0,"is_amp":0,"is_ads":0,"ads_link":null,"post_id":39668,"locale":"tr","category_id":73,"title":"\u2018Washington Konsens\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019 fiyaskosu ve yeni aray\u0131\u015flar","home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"subtitleuse":0,"description":"PROF. DR. KEREM ALK\u0130N","content":" Washington Konsens\u00fcs\u00fc, ABD\u2019nin 1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda G7\u2019nin di\u011fer ekonomilerini de ikna ederek, IMF, D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131, Ekonomik \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi ve Kalk\u0131nma Te\u015fkilat\u0131 (OECD) ve 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan itibaren D\u00fcnya Ticaret Te\u015fkilat\u0131 (WTO) \u00fczerinden d\u00fcnyaya \u00f6nerdi\u011fi, hatta bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde empoze etti\u011fi neo-liberal ekonomik d\u00fczenin ad\u0131. 1980\u2019li y\u0131llardan itibaren IMF ve D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7alan ve ekonomik yard\u0131m isteyen her \u00fclkeye adeta \u2018standart paket\u2019 olarak \u00f6nerilen ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeye benimsetilen bir modelden s\u00f6z ediyoruz. \u2018Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z merkez bankas\u0131\u2019 kavram\u0131 alt\u0131nda, asl\u0131nda serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lan ve y\u00fcksek seviyede tutulan faiz hadleri, bu modelin \u00f6nemli bir sacaya\u011f\u0131. Amac\u0131, y\u00fcksek faiz hadleri ile \u00f6nde gelen geli\u015fmekte olan ekonomilerin para biriminin de\u011fer kazanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve daha y\u00fcksek miktarda G7 \u00fclkelerinden \u2018ithalat\u2019 yapmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamay\u0131 hedefleyen bir model.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> Do\u011fal olarak, Washington Konsens\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn di\u011fer sacaya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da \u2018t\u00fcm\u00fcyle serbest ticaret kurallar\u0131\u2019 olu\u015fturuyor. WTO arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla uluslararas\u0131 ticaretin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki engellerin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile geli\u015fmi\u015f ve geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda k\u00fcresel ticaret zincirine ba\u011fl\u0131 bir \u2018ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k\u2019 mekanizmas\u0131 olu\u015fturmaya, geli\u015fmekte olan ekonomileri y\u00fcksek miktarda ithalat yapmaktan \u2018korkmamaya\u2019 \u00f6zendiren bir model. Peki, b\u00f6yle bir model \u00f6nde gelen geli\u015fmi\u015f ve geli\u015fmekte olan ekonomiler i\u00e7in \u2018cari i\u015flemler a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na sebep olursa. \u0130\u015fte tam da bu noktada, s\u00f6z konusu neo-liberal modelin 3. sacaya\u011f\u0131 devreye giriyor: \u2018Finanse edildikten sonra, cari a\u00e7\u0131k bir sorun de\u011fildir\u2019 pompalamas\u0131. Yani, geli\u015fmi\u015f ve \u00f6nde gelen geli\u015fmekte olan ekonomilerin uluslararas\u0131 sermaye hareketlerine \u2018t\u00fcm\u00fcyle a\u00e7\u0131k\u2019 hale gelmeye ikna edilmesi. IMF, D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 ve OECD\u2019nin kabartarak \u00f6nerdikleri bu model, 40 y\u0131lda geli\u015fmi\u015f ve \u00f6nde gelen geli\u015fmekte olan ekonomilerin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc \u2018d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7 girdab\u0131\u2019na \u00e7ekti.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> A\u015eIRI L\u0130BERAL S\u0130STEM SORGULANIYOR<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u2018Washington Konsens\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019, \u2018k\u00fcresel enflasyon riski\u2019nin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc alamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi mevcut \u2018k\u00fcresel tedarik zinciri\u2019nin sebep oldu\u011fu \u2018a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k riski\u2019 ve \u2018k\u00fcresel bor\u00e7 girdab\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sebep oldu\u011fu endi\u015feler yetmezmi\u015f gibi \u00f6nerdi\u011fi \u2018a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 liberal\u2019 finansal reformlar ve \u2018dereg\u00fcle\u2019, yani a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kurallardan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bankac\u0131l\u0131k ve sermaye piyasas\u0131 ortam\u0131 nedeniyle 2008 k\u00fcresel finans krizine ve bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 bir anda iflaslara \u015fahit oldu\u011fumuz bir bankac\u0131l\u0131k sistemine sebep oldu. 40 y\u0131l\u0131n \u00f6zeti esasen \u2018tam bir fiyasko\u2019. \u015eimdi, sistemin kurucusu ABD ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, d\u00fcnya ekonomisinin \u00f6nde gelen 40 \u00fclkesi, \u2018a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 liberal\u2019 k\u00fcresel finans sistemini, \u2018a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 liberal\u2019 k\u00fcresel ticaret sistemini ba\u015ftan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya sorguluyor. Bu modelin dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 para ve maliye politikas\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131ndaki sorunlar ise halen tam masaya yat\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f de\u011fil. Ama onlara da s\u0131ra gelecek. Hele, d\u00fcnya ekonomisinin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcnde merkez bankalar\u0131n\u0131n para piyasalar\u0131nda eskisi kadar etkin olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ciddi manada sorgulan\u0131rken.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u00d6NCEL\u0130K KEND\u0130NE YETEB\u0130LEN EKONOM\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u015eimdi, k\u00fcresel ekonomik sistem yeni bir \u2018Washington Konsens\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019 aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve in\u015fas\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya. \u00d6yle ki, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 serbest bir k\u00fcresel ticaret sisteminde, \u2018ithalata ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131\u2019 bir b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin verdi\u011fi zararlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcp, art\u0131k \u2018yerli ve milli\u2019 \u00fcretime ve ihracata dayal\u0131 ve daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme modeline odaklanmay\u0131, bu ama\u00e7la s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir altyap\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na dayal\u0131, \u00fclkenin \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn yat\u0131r\u0131m i\u015ftah\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zendirici bir kalk\u0131nma hamlesi. \u00dclkeleri, \u00e7evrenin korunmas\u0131na, s\u0131f\u0131r at\u0131k ve net-s\u0131f\u0131r karbona dayal\u0131 \u2018sorumlu\u2019 bir \u00fcretim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na, \u2018yerli ve milli\u2019 imkanlar\u0131 aya\u011fa kald\u0131racak, \u2018kendine yetebilen\u2019 bir ekonomik anlay\u0131\u015fa \u00f6zendirecek yeni bir k\u00fcresel ekonomik d\u00fczen anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan, bu y\u00f6nde bir aray\u0131\u015ftan s\u00f6z ediyoruz. \u00dclkelerin, hammadde, ara mamul, madenler, nadir mineral ve metaller, nihai \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde \u2018ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131\u2019 bir k\u00fcresel tedarik zinciri sistemini sorgulad\u0131klar\u0131 ve tedarik-\u00fcretim-ihracat katma de\u011fer zincirini yeniden tasarlad\u0131klar\u0131 yeni bir model aray\u0131\u015f\u0131. Enerji, tar\u0131m, g\u0131da, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve savunma gibi alanlarda \u2018kendine yetebilme\u2019yi \u00f6nceliklendirdikleri yeni bir k\u00fcresel modelin in\u015fas\u0131. Ba\u015far\u0131labilinecek mi, birlikte g\u00f6rece\u011fiz.<\/span><\/p>","slug":"washington-konsensusu-fiyaskosu-ve-yeni-arayislar","orjinalimage":null,"news_cover_min":null,"news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"cropped_638x552":null,"cropped_310x208":null,"cropped_416x247":null,"cropped_197x247":null,"cropped_416x600":null,"cropped_1200x675":null,"tags":null,"meta_title":null,"meta_description":null,"meta_keywords":null,"view_count":1605,"yt":0,"ytid":"","ytimage":null,"imgdate":"2000-01-01 00:00:00","cuff_cover":null,"cropped_358x214":null,"cropped_842x474":null}]}}
<\/p>