{"status":true,"post":{"id":51022,"user_id":30,"status":1,"type":1,"orde":null,"notification_type":3,"static_post":0,"published_at":"2024-04-22 08:21:00","created_at":"2024-04-22T05:21:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-04-22T05:21:00.000000Z","edited_at":"2024-12-17 22:35:21","source_id":null,"post_id":51022,"is_featured":0,"title":"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin vize zorlu\u011fu Afrikal\u0131 t\u00fcccar\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131yor","slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"category_id":73,"description":"PROF. DR. AHMET KAVAS","content":"


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Afrika K\u0131ta \u0130\u00e7i Serbest Ticaret Anla\u015fmas\u0131 ile dev k\u0131ta k\u00fcreselle\u015fmede iddial\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>


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Anla\u015fmay\u0131 son olarak imzalayan 3 \u00fclke ile toplamda 47 kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 devlet ile d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck serbest ticaret b\u00f6lgesi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Schengen vizeli Afrikal\u0131lar, Temmuz 2022\u2019ye kadar e-vize ile \u00fclkemize seyahat edebiliyordu. Bu uygulaman\u0131n durdurulmas\u0131yla diplomatik ve hizmet pasaportu ta\u015f\u0131yanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda acil i\u015fi olan \u00f6zellikle t\u00fcccar, alternatif \u00fclkelere y\u00f6neliyor.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n ileti\u015fim ve ula\u015f\u0131mda tarihte benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen bir seviyeyi g\u00f6rmesi sayesinde her alandaki ilerleme art\u0131k t\u00fcm co\u011frafyalarda belirgin \u015fekilde kendisini hissettiriyor. 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llara kadar Avrupa, Amerika, hatta Asya\u2019daki h\u0131zl\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlere bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc ayak uydurmas\u0131 istenmeyen Afrika da art\u0131k bu yar\u0131\u015fta var oldu\u011funu ispatl\u0131yor. Di\u011fer k\u0131talarla geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi temaslar\u0131 kadar\u00a0<\/span>54 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00fcye \u00fclkesi ile Afrika Birli\u011fi gittik\u00e7e artan bir b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmenin temellerini att\u0131 ve as\u0131l hamleleri de k\u0131ta i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecek.<\/span><\/p>

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2023\u2019TE 8. RAPOR YAYINLANDI<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk defa Afrika Birli\u011fi t\u00fcm \u00fcye \u00fclkeleri ile Vize A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 Endeksi Raporu yay\u0131nlanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 2023 y\u0131l\u0131 aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda 8. rapor yay\u0131nland\u0131. K\u0131ta \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda her t\u00fcrl\u00fc etkile\u015fimin ilk ad\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lacak seyahat i\u00e7in vize al\u0131nmas\u0131yla ba\u015fl\u0131yor. \u00d6zellikle Afrika K\u0131ta \u0130\u00e7i Serbest Ticaret Anla\u015fmas\u0131 ile bu konunun \u00f6nemi \u00e7ok daha fazla g\u00fcndeme geldi. \u015eimdilerde m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse 54 \u00fcye devletin vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan birine sahip olan k\u0131ta i\u00e7indeki di\u011fer \u00fclkeye m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse vizesiz gidebilmeli. Bu s\u00fcrecin ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten bug\u00fcne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir geli\u015fme sa\u011fland\u0131 ve 2023 y\u0131l\u0131 sonu itibar\u0131yla y\u00fczde 54 oran\u0131nda Afrika \u00fclkesi vatanda\u015flar\u0131 ya vizesiz veya s\u0131n\u0131r kap\u0131lar\u0131nda vize alarak seyahat etme hakk\u0131na sahip. Her sene \u00fczerinde en \u00e7ok durulan konulardan biri, y\u00fczde 46 gibi olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek orandaki Afrikal\u0131lar\u0131n k\u0131ta i\u00e7inde seyahate \u00e7\u0131kmadan \u00f6nce vize almak zorunda kalmalar\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

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C\u0130DD\u0130 A\u015eAMA KAYDED\u0130LD\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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2023 y\u0131l\u0131 aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanan Afrika\u2019da son Vize A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 Endeksi Raporu\u2019na g\u00f6re aradan ge\u00e7en 8 y\u0131lda ciddi a\u015fama kaydedildi. \u00d6zellikle diplomatik ve serbest pasaport hamillerine getirilen vizesiz seyahat sayesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck ilerleme sa\u011fland\u0131. Gana, 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda ve Sierra Leone de kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda G\u00fcney Afrika ile vize muafiyeti anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalad\u0131. Ama\u00e7; iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda e\u011fitim, g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, enerji, madencilik ve turizm gibi kilit konuma sahip alanlarda i\u015fbirli\u011fini geli\u015ftirmek. Yine Bostvana da kom\u015fular\u0131 Namibya ve Zimbabve ile iki tarafl\u0131 muafiyet anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalad\u0131. Afrika Birli\u011fi, t\u00fcm bu yeni geli\u015fmeler yan\u0131nda 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda vize a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 muafiyeti gayretlerinden dolay\u0131 Benin, Gambiya ve Sey\u015feller\u2019in tavr\u0131n\u0131 takdir ediyor. Bunlar i\u00e7inde de vize zorunlulu\u011funu Afrikal\u0131lar i\u00e7in kald\u0131ran ilk \u00fclke Sey\u015feller oldu. Ama\u00e7, en b\u00fcy\u00fck gelir kayna\u011f\u0131 olan turizmde Afrika \u00fclkeleri ile yak\u0131n etkile\u015fime ge\u00e7mekti. Turist \u00e7ekti\u011fi \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda Afrika devletleri hen\u00fcz ilk 10, hatta 15 \u00fclke aras\u0131nda yer almasa bile gelecekte beklentileri \u00f6nemli oranda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulacak. Vize muafiyeti Sey\u015feller gibi k\u0131tan\u0131n \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc etkinliklerinde hen\u00fcz dikkate de\u011fer konumu \u00fclkenin ithalat\u0131nda y\u00fczde 5 gibi bir etkiye sahip. Hatta 2018\u2019de bu oran y\u00fczde 7.6\u2019yd\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

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17 M\u0130LYON AFR\u0130KALI \u00dcLKE DI\u015eINDA<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Afrika \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmenin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki temel engellerin ba\u015f\u0131nda vize temini geliyordu. Bunun \u00f6n\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a ve vize muafiyetleri t\u00fcm k\u0131taya yay\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a \u00f6zellikle k\u0131ta i\u00e7i ticaret, e\u011fitim, sa\u011fl\u0131k, yat\u0131r\u0131m ve turizm alanlar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeler ba\u015flayacak. Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u00fczde 80-90 gibi olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek oranda karayolu ile yap\u0131lmas\u0131 devam eden bir altyap\u0131 eksikli\u011fi. K\u0131ta \u00fclkeleri bunu a\u015fmak i\u00e7in y\u0131ll\u0131k 130 ila 170 milyar dolar aras\u0131nda harcamalarda bulunup gelece\u011fe haz\u0131rlanmak durumunda. Avrupal\u0131lar gibi ayn\u0131 k\u0131ta \u00fczerinde yer ald\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fclkelere giri\u015f hakk\u0131, ikamet hakk\u0131 ve yerle\u015fme hakk\u0131n\u0131n serbestle\u015fmesi beklentiler aras\u0131nda. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler M\u00fclteciler Y\u00fcksek Komiserli\u011fi\u2019nin 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda haz\u0131rlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir rapora g\u00f6re, 17 milyon Afrikal\u0131\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131ta d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131, 19 milyon Afrikal\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ise k\u0131ta i\u00e7indeki \u00fclkelerde yer de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi, ba\u015fka k\u0131talardan 5 milyon ki\u015finin de Afrika\u2019da herhangi bir \u00fclkeye gelip yerle\u015fti\u011fi tespit edildi. Genelde menfi yakla\u015f\u0131lan bu durumun asl\u0131nda o d\u00f6nemde haz\u0131rlanan rapor \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde m\u00fcspet anlamda k\u0131ta i\u00e7inde yarar sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenildi.<\/span><\/p>

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Y\u00dcZDE 20 DAHA PAHALI<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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D\u00fcnya genelinde Afrika hakk\u0131nda olu\u015fan yanl\u0131\u015f alg\u0131n\u0131n temelinde k\u0131ta \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131na \u00f6r\u00fclen vize duvarlar\u0131 yat\u0131yordu. Di\u011fer bir engel ise hava ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok pahal\u0131 olmas\u0131yd\u0131. Afrika semalar\u0131nda u\u00e7u\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren u\u00e7aklar\u0131n yak\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n bile Kuzey Amerika \u00fclkelerinden y\u00fczde 20 pahal\u0131 olmas\u0131 da kolay seyahatin engelleri aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. Afrika K\u0131ta \u0130\u00e7i Serbest Ticaret Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 son olarak imzalayan 3 \u00fclke ile toplamda 47 kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 devlet ile d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck serbest ticaret b\u00f6lgesi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Covid-19 ve Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131yla Afrika\u2019yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 k\u0131ta i\u00e7i ve di\u011fer co\u011frafyalara u\u00e7u\u015fta konferanslar\u0131n durmas\u0131, karantina \u00f6nlemleri ve t\u00fcm toplant\u0131 yasaklar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ya\u015fand\u0131. Vize muafiyeti konusunda aral\u0131ks\u0131z s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla tekrar salg\u0131n \u00f6ncesindeki oranlara ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131, hatta ge\u00e7ildi. K\u0131sa zamanda 36 Afrika \u00fclkesi vize a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 endeksinde ilerleme kaydetti. 1.5 milyar n\u00fcfuslu Afrika\u2019da toplam n\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde 28\u2019i k\u0131ta i\u00e7inde vizesiz seyahat edebiliyor. Bu oran, 2016\u2019da y\u00fczde 20\u2019ydi. Y\u00fczde 26\u2019s\u0131 ise gidece\u011fi \u00fclkeye vard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131r kap\u0131s\u0131nda vize alabiliyor. Art\u0131k baz\u0131 k\u0131ta \u00fclkeleri vize i\u015flemlerini elektronik ortama aktard\u0131 ve bu sistem 2016 y\u0131l\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00fc\u00e7 kat artarak halen 24 Afrika \u00fclkesinde uygulan\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p>

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DO\u011eRUDAN V\u0130ZE \u0130\u015eLEM\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Afrika \u00fclkelerine 1990 y\u0131llarda bile \u00fclkemizden seyahat etmek isteyen birinin genelde eski s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci devletlerinin Ankara ve \u0130stanbul\u2019daki konsolosluklar\u0131na m\u00fcracaat etmeleri gerekirdi. 2022 y\u0131l\u0131 itibar\u0131yla Afrika\u2019da bulunan 44 sefaretimiz \u00fclkemize ticaret, e\u011fitim, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve yat\u0131r\u0131m i\u00e7in gelen Afrikal\u0131lara do\u011frudan vize i\u015flemleri yap\u0131yor. Diplomatik ve serbest pasaport ta\u015f\u0131yanlar ise vizesiz \u00fclkemize seyahat edebiliyor. \u0130kili anla\u015fmalar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00fclkemizden de Afrika\u2019n\u0131n Ankara\u2019daki 38 sefaretinden vize alma imkan\u0131ndan yararlanarak gidenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 her ge\u00e7en sene art\u0131yor. 2010\u2019lu y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda d\u00fcnya genelinde oldu\u011fu gibi Afrika \u00fclkeleri vatanda\u015flar\u0131ndan Schengen vizesi hamilleri, 2022 y\u0131l\u0131 temmuz ay\u0131na kadar e-vize ile \u00fclkemize seyahat edebiliyordu. Bu uygulaman\u0131n durdurulmas\u0131yla birlikte diplomatik ve hizmet pasaportu ta\u015f\u0131yanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndakileri vize \u015firketleri \u00fczerinden m\u00fcracaat zorunlulu\u011fu ile seyahate \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrelerinde ciddi aksamalar oluyor. Bu da acil i\u015fi olan \u00f6zellikle t\u00fcccar\u0131 daha kolay vize ald\u0131klar\u0131 \u00c7in, Hindistan, Brezilya ve \u0130spanya\u2019ya y\u00f6nlendiriyor.<\/span><\/p>

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TUR\u0130ZM\u0130 CANLANDIRMA HEDEF\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Afrika\u2019da vize muafiyeti sayesinde k\u0131ta \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda turizmin canlanmas\u0131 hedefleniyor. K\u0131ta i\u00e7i ticaretin artmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck engellerden birini bu te\u015fkil ediyor. Asl\u0131nda her \u00fclke mevcut vize siyasetini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Hem \u00fclkeler aras\u0131 hem de bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkeyi bir araya getiren ekonomik topluluklar aras\u0131nda her t\u00fcrl\u00fc etkile\u015fimde en \u00f6nemli husus, serbest dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131. Bu konuda en ciddi ad\u0131m\u0131, daha 1979 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bat\u0131 Afrika Ekonomik Toplulu\u011fu (ECOWAS) ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararla uygulam\u0131\u015f. Y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde de bu konuda en fazla mesafe alan 10 Afrika \u00fclkesinden 7\u2019si Bat\u0131 Afrika\u2019da. K\u0131ta i\u00e7i vize i\u015flemlerini en fazla zorla\u015ft\u0131ran \u00fclkeler ise Kuzey Afrika ve Orta Afrika \u00fclkeleri.<\/span><\/p>

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10 \u00dcLKE VATANDA\u015eINA V\u0130ZE MUAF\u0130YET\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Halen 54 \u00fclke aras\u0131nda 42 Afrika \u00fclkesi, en az 5 Afrika \u00fclkesi vatanda\u015f\u0131na vize muafiyeti uyguluyor. 33 \u00fclke ise k\u0131tan\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinden, \u00e7o\u011fu da s\u0131n\u0131r kom\u015fusu olanlar dahil yine 10 \u00fclke vatanda\u015f\u0131na vize muafiyeti ile seyahat imkan\u0131 veriyor. Ger\u00e7i tek ba\u015f\u0131na vize muafiyetinin yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Benin, Gambiya, Ruanda ve Sey\u015feller\u2019in hi\u00e7bir Afrikal\u0131\u2019dan vize istememesi k\u0131sa vadede beklentilere yeterli cevab\u0131 vermemi\u015f. Bunda asl\u0131nda seyahat edenlerin genelde al\u0131\u015fk\u0131n olduklar\u0131 \u00fclkeleri tercih etmeleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi yat\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p>","slug":"turkiyenin-vize-zorlugu-afrikali-tuccari-kaciriyor","tags":null,"meta_title":null,"meta_description":null,"meta_keywords":null,"news_cover_min":"\/front\/uploads\/blog\/thumbnail\/1713733200cRaPHsXxiz3HdOp.webp","news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"view_count":10571,"cropped_1200x675":null,"user":{"id":30,"name":"AHMET","surname":"KAVAS","email":"prof-dr-ahmet-kavas@gmail.com","slug":"prof-dr-ahmet-kavas","avatar":"\/front\/uploads\/avatar\/17336916002RXDhDXyMw3kEXW.webp","status":1,"role":1,"email_verified_at":null,"orde":null,"created_at":"2022-10-24T11:09:13.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-18T09:44:44.000000Z","seo_title":null,"seo_description":null},"translations":[{"id":51148,"is_featured":0,"is_amp":0,"is_ads":0,"ads_link":null,"post_id":51022,"locale":"tr","category_id":73,"title":"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin vize zorlu\u011fu Afrikal\u0131 t\u00fcccar\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131yor","home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"subtitleuse":0,"description":"PROF. DR. AHMET KAVAS","content":"


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Afrika K\u0131ta \u0130\u00e7i Serbest Ticaret Anla\u015fmas\u0131 ile dev k\u0131ta k\u00fcreselle\u015fmede iddial\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>


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Anla\u015fmay\u0131 son olarak imzalayan 3 \u00fclke ile toplamda 47 kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 devlet ile d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck serbest ticaret b\u00f6lgesi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Schengen vizeli Afrikal\u0131lar, Temmuz 2022\u2019ye kadar e-vize ile \u00fclkemize seyahat edebiliyordu. Bu uygulaman\u0131n durdurulmas\u0131yla diplomatik ve hizmet pasaportu ta\u015f\u0131yanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda acil i\u015fi olan \u00f6zellikle t\u00fcccar, alternatif \u00fclkelere y\u00f6neliyor.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n ileti\u015fim ve ula\u015f\u0131mda tarihte benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen bir seviyeyi g\u00f6rmesi sayesinde her alandaki ilerleme art\u0131k t\u00fcm co\u011frafyalarda belirgin \u015fekilde kendisini hissettiriyor. 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llara kadar Avrupa, Amerika, hatta Asya\u2019daki h\u0131zl\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlere bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc ayak uydurmas\u0131 istenmeyen Afrika da art\u0131k bu yar\u0131\u015fta var oldu\u011funu ispatl\u0131yor. Di\u011fer k\u0131talarla geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi temaslar\u0131 kadar\u00a0<\/span>54 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00fcye \u00fclkesi ile Afrika Birli\u011fi gittik\u00e7e artan bir b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmenin temellerini att\u0131 ve as\u0131l hamleleri de k\u0131ta i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecek.<\/span><\/p>

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2023\u2019TE 8. RAPOR YAYINLANDI<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk defa Afrika Birli\u011fi t\u00fcm \u00fcye \u00fclkeleri ile Vize A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 Endeksi Raporu yay\u0131nlanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 2023 y\u0131l\u0131 aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda 8. rapor yay\u0131nland\u0131. K\u0131ta \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda her t\u00fcrl\u00fc etkile\u015fimin ilk ad\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lacak seyahat i\u00e7in vize al\u0131nmas\u0131yla ba\u015fl\u0131yor. \u00d6zellikle Afrika K\u0131ta \u0130\u00e7i Serbest Ticaret Anla\u015fmas\u0131 ile bu konunun \u00f6nemi \u00e7ok daha fazla g\u00fcndeme geldi. \u015eimdilerde m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse 54 \u00fcye devletin vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan birine sahip olan k\u0131ta i\u00e7indeki di\u011fer \u00fclkeye m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse vizesiz gidebilmeli. Bu s\u00fcrecin ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten bug\u00fcne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir geli\u015fme sa\u011fland\u0131 ve 2023 y\u0131l\u0131 sonu itibar\u0131yla y\u00fczde 54 oran\u0131nda Afrika \u00fclkesi vatanda\u015flar\u0131 ya vizesiz veya s\u0131n\u0131r kap\u0131lar\u0131nda vize alarak seyahat etme hakk\u0131na sahip. Her sene \u00fczerinde en \u00e7ok durulan konulardan biri, y\u00fczde 46 gibi olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek orandaki Afrikal\u0131lar\u0131n k\u0131ta i\u00e7inde seyahate \u00e7\u0131kmadan \u00f6nce vize almak zorunda kalmalar\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

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C\u0130DD\u0130 A\u015eAMA KAYDED\u0130LD\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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2023 y\u0131l\u0131 aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanan Afrika\u2019da son Vize A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 Endeksi Raporu\u2019na g\u00f6re aradan ge\u00e7en 8 y\u0131lda ciddi a\u015fama kaydedildi. \u00d6zellikle diplomatik ve serbest pasaport hamillerine getirilen vizesiz seyahat sayesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck ilerleme sa\u011fland\u0131. Gana, 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda ve Sierra Leone de kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda G\u00fcney Afrika ile vize muafiyeti anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalad\u0131. Ama\u00e7; iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda e\u011fitim, g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, enerji, madencilik ve turizm gibi kilit konuma sahip alanlarda i\u015fbirli\u011fini geli\u015ftirmek. Yine Bostvana da kom\u015fular\u0131 Namibya ve Zimbabve ile iki tarafl\u0131 muafiyet anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalad\u0131. Afrika Birli\u011fi, t\u00fcm bu yeni geli\u015fmeler yan\u0131nda 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda vize a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 muafiyeti gayretlerinden dolay\u0131 Benin, Gambiya ve Sey\u015feller\u2019in tavr\u0131n\u0131 takdir ediyor. Bunlar i\u00e7inde de vize zorunlulu\u011funu Afrikal\u0131lar i\u00e7in kald\u0131ran ilk \u00fclke Sey\u015feller oldu. Ama\u00e7, en b\u00fcy\u00fck gelir kayna\u011f\u0131 olan turizmde Afrika \u00fclkeleri ile yak\u0131n etkile\u015fime ge\u00e7mekti. Turist \u00e7ekti\u011fi \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda Afrika devletleri hen\u00fcz ilk 10, hatta 15 \u00fclke aras\u0131nda yer almasa bile gelecekte beklentileri \u00f6nemli oranda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulacak. Vize muafiyeti Sey\u015feller gibi k\u0131tan\u0131n \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc etkinliklerinde hen\u00fcz dikkate de\u011fer konumu \u00fclkenin ithalat\u0131nda y\u00fczde 5 gibi bir etkiye sahip. Hatta 2018\u2019de bu oran y\u00fczde 7.6\u2019yd\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

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17 M\u0130LYON AFR\u0130KALI \u00dcLKE DI\u015eINDA<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Afrika \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmenin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki temel engellerin ba\u015f\u0131nda vize temini geliyordu. Bunun \u00f6n\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a ve vize muafiyetleri t\u00fcm k\u0131taya yay\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a \u00f6zellikle k\u0131ta i\u00e7i ticaret, e\u011fitim, sa\u011fl\u0131k, yat\u0131r\u0131m ve turizm alanlar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeler ba\u015flayacak. Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u00fczde 80-90 gibi olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek oranda karayolu ile yap\u0131lmas\u0131 devam eden bir altyap\u0131 eksikli\u011fi. K\u0131ta \u00fclkeleri bunu a\u015fmak i\u00e7in y\u0131ll\u0131k 130 ila 170 milyar dolar aras\u0131nda harcamalarda bulunup gelece\u011fe haz\u0131rlanmak durumunda. Avrupal\u0131lar gibi ayn\u0131 k\u0131ta \u00fczerinde yer ald\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fclkelere giri\u015f hakk\u0131, ikamet hakk\u0131 ve yerle\u015fme hakk\u0131n\u0131n serbestle\u015fmesi beklentiler aras\u0131nda. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler M\u00fclteciler Y\u00fcksek Komiserli\u011fi\u2019nin 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda haz\u0131rlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir rapora g\u00f6re, 17 milyon Afrikal\u0131\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131ta d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131, 19 milyon Afrikal\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ise k\u0131ta i\u00e7indeki \u00fclkelerde yer de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi, ba\u015fka k\u0131talardan 5 milyon ki\u015finin de Afrika\u2019da herhangi bir \u00fclkeye gelip yerle\u015fti\u011fi tespit edildi. Genelde menfi yakla\u015f\u0131lan bu durumun asl\u0131nda o d\u00f6nemde haz\u0131rlanan rapor \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde m\u00fcspet anlamda k\u0131ta i\u00e7inde yarar sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenildi.<\/span><\/p>

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Y\u00dcZDE 20 DAHA PAHALI<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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D\u00fcnya genelinde Afrika hakk\u0131nda olu\u015fan yanl\u0131\u015f alg\u0131n\u0131n temelinde k\u0131ta \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131na \u00f6r\u00fclen vize duvarlar\u0131 yat\u0131yordu. Di\u011fer bir engel ise hava ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok pahal\u0131 olmas\u0131yd\u0131. Afrika semalar\u0131nda u\u00e7u\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren u\u00e7aklar\u0131n yak\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n bile Kuzey Amerika \u00fclkelerinden y\u00fczde 20 pahal\u0131 olmas\u0131 da kolay seyahatin engelleri aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. Afrika K\u0131ta \u0130\u00e7i Serbest Ticaret Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 son olarak imzalayan 3 \u00fclke ile toplamda 47 kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 devlet ile d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck serbest ticaret b\u00f6lgesi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Covid-19 ve Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131yla Afrika\u2019yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 k\u0131ta i\u00e7i ve di\u011fer co\u011frafyalara u\u00e7u\u015fta konferanslar\u0131n durmas\u0131, karantina \u00f6nlemleri ve t\u00fcm toplant\u0131 yasaklar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ya\u015fand\u0131. Vize muafiyeti konusunda aral\u0131ks\u0131z s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla tekrar salg\u0131n \u00f6ncesindeki oranlara ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131, hatta ge\u00e7ildi. K\u0131sa zamanda 36 Afrika \u00fclkesi vize a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 endeksinde ilerleme kaydetti. 1.5 milyar n\u00fcfuslu Afrika\u2019da toplam n\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde 28\u2019i k\u0131ta i\u00e7inde vizesiz seyahat edebiliyor. Bu oran, 2016\u2019da y\u00fczde 20\u2019ydi. Y\u00fczde 26\u2019s\u0131 ise gidece\u011fi \u00fclkeye vard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131r kap\u0131s\u0131nda vize alabiliyor. Art\u0131k baz\u0131 k\u0131ta \u00fclkeleri vize i\u015flemlerini elektronik ortama aktard\u0131 ve bu sistem 2016 y\u0131l\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00fc\u00e7 kat artarak halen 24 Afrika \u00fclkesinde uygulan\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p>

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DO\u011eRUDAN V\u0130ZE \u0130\u015eLEM\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Afrika \u00fclkelerine 1990 y\u0131llarda bile \u00fclkemizden seyahat etmek isteyen birinin genelde eski s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci devletlerinin Ankara ve \u0130stanbul\u2019daki konsolosluklar\u0131na m\u00fcracaat etmeleri gerekirdi. 2022 y\u0131l\u0131 itibar\u0131yla Afrika\u2019da bulunan 44 sefaretimiz \u00fclkemize ticaret, e\u011fitim, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve yat\u0131r\u0131m i\u00e7in gelen Afrikal\u0131lara do\u011frudan vize i\u015flemleri yap\u0131yor. Diplomatik ve serbest pasaport ta\u015f\u0131yanlar ise vizesiz \u00fclkemize seyahat edebiliyor. \u0130kili anla\u015fmalar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00fclkemizden de Afrika\u2019n\u0131n Ankara\u2019daki 38 sefaretinden vize alma imkan\u0131ndan yararlanarak gidenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 her ge\u00e7en sene art\u0131yor. 2010\u2019lu y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda d\u00fcnya genelinde oldu\u011fu gibi Afrika \u00fclkeleri vatanda\u015flar\u0131ndan Schengen vizesi hamilleri, 2022 y\u0131l\u0131 temmuz ay\u0131na kadar e-vize ile \u00fclkemize seyahat edebiliyordu. Bu uygulaman\u0131n durdurulmas\u0131yla birlikte diplomatik ve hizmet pasaportu ta\u015f\u0131yanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndakileri vize \u015firketleri \u00fczerinden m\u00fcracaat zorunlulu\u011fu ile seyahate \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrelerinde ciddi aksamalar oluyor. Bu da acil i\u015fi olan \u00f6zellikle t\u00fcccar\u0131 daha kolay vize ald\u0131klar\u0131 \u00c7in, Hindistan, Brezilya ve \u0130spanya\u2019ya y\u00f6nlendiriyor.<\/span><\/p>

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TUR\u0130ZM\u0130 CANLANDIRMA HEDEF\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Afrika\u2019da vize muafiyeti sayesinde k\u0131ta \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda turizmin canlanmas\u0131 hedefleniyor. K\u0131ta i\u00e7i ticaretin artmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck engellerden birini bu te\u015fkil ediyor. Asl\u0131nda her \u00fclke mevcut vize siyasetini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Hem \u00fclkeler aras\u0131 hem de bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkeyi bir araya getiren ekonomik topluluklar aras\u0131nda her t\u00fcrl\u00fc etkile\u015fimde en \u00f6nemli husus, serbest dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131. Bu konuda en ciddi ad\u0131m\u0131, daha 1979 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bat\u0131 Afrika Ekonomik Toplulu\u011fu (ECOWAS) ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararla uygulam\u0131\u015f. Y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde de bu konuda en fazla mesafe alan 10 Afrika \u00fclkesinden 7\u2019si Bat\u0131 Afrika\u2019da. K\u0131ta i\u00e7i vize i\u015flemlerini en fazla zorla\u015ft\u0131ran \u00fclkeler ise Kuzey Afrika ve Orta Afrika \u00fclkeleri.<\/span><\/p>

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10 \u00dcLKE VATANDA\u015eINA V\u0130ZE MUAF\u0130YET\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Halen 54 \u00fclke aras\u0131nda 42 Afrika \u00fclkesi, en az 5 Afrika \u00fclkesi vatanda\u015f\u0131na vize muafiyeti uyguluyor. 33 \u00fclke ise k\u0131tan\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinden, \u00e7o\u011fu da s\u0131n\u0131r kom\u015fusu olanlar dahil yine 10 \u00fclke vatanda\u015f\u0131na vize muafiyeti ile seyahat imkan\u0131 veriyor. Ger\u00e7i tek ba\u015f\u0131na vize muafiyetinin yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Benin, Gambiya, Ruanda ve Sey\u015feller\u2019in hi\u00e7bir Afrikal\u0131\u2019dan vize istememesi k\u0131sa vadede beklentilere yeterli cevab\u0131 vermemi\u015f. Bunda asl\u0131nda seyahat edenlerin genelde al\u0131\u015fk\u0131n olduklar\u0131 \u00fclkeleri tercih etmeleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi yat\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p>","slug":"turkiyenin-vize-zorlugu-afrikali-tuccari-kaciriyor","orjinalimage":"\/front\/uploads\/blog\/thumbnail\/1713733200cRaPHsXxiz3HdOp.webp","news_cover_min":"\/front\/uploads\/blog\/thumbnail\/1713733200cRaPHsXxiz3HdOp.webp","news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"cropped_638x552":null,"cropped_310x208":null,"cropped_416x247":null,"cropped_197x247":null,"cropped_416x600":null,"cropped_1200x675":null,"tags":null,"meta_title":null,"meta_description":null,"meta_keywords":null,"view_count":10571,"yt":0,"ytid":"","ytimage":null,"imgdate":"2000-01-01 00:00:00","cuff_cover":null,"cropped_358x214":null,"cropped_842x474":null}]}}