{"status":true,"post":{"id":54419,"user_id":30,"status":1,"type":1,"orde":null,"notification_type":3,"static_post":0,"published_at":"2024-08-19 08:09:00","created_at":"2024-08-19T05:09:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-08-19T05:09:00.000000Z","edited_at":"2024-12-17 22:35:21","source_id":null,"post_id":54419,"is_featured":0,"title":"\u015eeker \u00fcretiminde yeni oyuncu: Afrika","slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"category_id":73,"description":"PROF. DR. AHMET KAVAS","content":"

* Afrika \u015feker pancar\u0131 dahil 11 milyon tonluk \u00fcretimiyle d\u00fcnya \u015feker ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n ancak y\u00fczde 6\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu seviye k\u0131tadaki talebin alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fundan, d\u00fcnya \u015feker piyasalar\u0131 Afrika \u00fclkelerini \u015feker \u00fcretmeye zorluyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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* Bu nedenle rekabet\u00e7i ortamda insan kayna\u011f\u0131, iklimin uygunlu\u011fu ve yeni teknolojiler bu k\u0131tay\u0131 yak\u0131n gelecekte \u00f6nemli oyuncu haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrecek. M\u0131s\u0131r ve Fas gibi \u00fclkelerin \u015feker pancar\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem vermeleri, bu konuda ciddi tecr\u00fcbe sahibi T\u00fcrkiye ile pek \u00e7ok Afrika \u00fclkesi aras\u0131nda i\u015fbirli\u011fi imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 da beraberinde getirecek.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>


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\u0130lk defa B\u00fcy\u00fck Okyanus\u2019un g\u00fcneyinde yer alan Yeni Gine ve \u00c7inhindi olarak bilinen G\u00fcney Asya b\u00f6lgesinde bitki olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinen \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya \u015feker ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 80\u2019ini kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Her ne kadar \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ana vatan\u0131 olarak Asya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki adalar g\u00f6sterilse de bug\u00fcn Brezilya, t\u00fcm \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z \u00f6nc\u00fc \u00fcretici \u00fclke konumunda. Halen vanilya, kakao ve benzeri bir\u00e7ok bitkinin anavatan\u0131 Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcretici \u00fclkeler Afrika ve Asya\u2019ya ge\u00e7mi\u015fken, \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tam aksine bir istikamet s\u00f6z konusu ve Asya men\u015feli bitkinin tar\u0131m\u0131, en \u00e7ok yeni d\u00fcnya denilen bu k\u0131tada yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Bunu \u00c7in, Hindistan ve Tayland takip ediyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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FAS\u2019TA K\u0130\u015e\u0130 BA\u015eI T\u00dcKET\u0130M 30 KG<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Afrika, t\u00fcm co\u011frafyas\u0131nda \u015feker pancar\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere 11 milyon tona ula\u015fan bug\u00fcnk\u00fc seviyesiyle d\u00fcnya \u015feker ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n ancak y\u00fczde 6\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretiyor. Oysa ki bu k\u0131tada y\u0131ll\u0131k y\u00fczde 3 gibi olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek bir talep bulunuyor. D\u00fcnya genelindeki y\u00fczde 0.7 gibi bir ortalaman\u0131n d\u00f6rt kat\u0131ndan fazla bir durum s\u00f6z konusu. Ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na y\u0131ll\u0131k t\u00fcketimde d\u00fcnya ortalamas\u0131 23 kilo iken bu, Afrika ortalamas\u0131nda 17 kilogramda kal\u0131yor. Fakat yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fle k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu miktar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir t\u00fcketim art\u0131\u015f\u0131na i\u015faret ediyor. Zaten Fas ve Senegal gibi \u00fclkelerde ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na t\u00fcketim 30 kilogram\u0131 ge\u00e7iyor. Avrupa s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011finin d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her taraf\u0131na yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan itibaren \u015feker gibi temel g\u0131da maddesinin temini ve devaml\u0131 artan pazar talebi, \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretimini yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 zorunlu hale getirdi. So\u011fuk iklimlere uygun olmayan bu bitki, daha bol sulu ve ziraat i\u00e7in verimli arazi ile \u00e7ok g\u00fcne\u015fli bir iklime ihtiya\u00e7 duyuyor. \u015eeker pancar\u0131 ise daha ziyade so\u011fuk iklime yatk\u0131n bir \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahip oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00e7ok az \u00fclkede her ikisi de yeti\u015ftirilebilir. T\u00fcrkiye gibi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 \u015fekilde \u015feker pancar\u0131na odakl\u0131 \u00fclkelerde \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok az ve belli yerlerde \u00fcretilebiliyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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\u015eEKER ADALARI<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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B\u00fcy\u00fck Okyanus\u2019ta Havai ve Fiji adalar\u0131 gibi Hint Okyanusu\u2019nun bat\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan Moritus, Reunion ve Madagaskar adalar\u0131, \u00fcrettikleri \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 miktarlar\u0131 sebebiyle \u2018\u015feker adalar\u0131\u2019 olarak tan\u0131n\u0131yor. \u00d6zellikle 1979 ve 1980 y\u0131llar\u0131nda d\u00f6rt b\u00fcy\u00fck kas\u0131rga ile neredeyse Moritus adas\u0131nda bozulmad\u0131k \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 arazisi kalmad\u0131. Ancak k\u0131sa zamanda iyile\u015ftirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla eski \u00fcretim miktar\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131. Burada yeti\u015fen \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zellikle Avrupa piyasalar\u0131ndaki de\u011ferinin d\u00fcnya genelindekinin iki kat\u0131na yak\u0131n y\u00fcksek fiyatla sat\u0131lmas\u0131, buraya hayati konum kazand\u0131r\u0131yor. \u015eimdilerde 1.5 milyona yak\u0131n n\u00fcfusunun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Hint k\u00f6kenli; t\u00fct\u00fcn veya ba\u015fka bitkilerle de me\u015fgul olup tek \u00fcr\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmak istemediler. Ancak ilk denemelerinden sonra bundan vazge\u00e7tiler. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu adadan ticaret yapanlar sadece \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 odakl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

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\u015eEKER KAMI\u015eI ODAKLI<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde y\u0131ll\u0131k 20 milyon tonu a\u015fan \u015feker ihtiyac\u0131 ile Afrika \u00fclkeleri, \u00f6zellikle ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131kla birlikte \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 odakl\u0131 \u00fcretime ve \u015feker fabrikalar\u0131 kurmaya b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem verdi. Halen de 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda kurulan ve eski teknolojiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 yenileri ile de\u011fi\u015ftirip d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131ktan kurtulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. Bu sayede de milyonlarca insana ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki istihdam alanlar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden a\u00e7arak ekonomiye ciddi katk\u0131 sa\u011flamay\u0131 planl\u0131yorlar. Afrika co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n \u015feker \u00fcretimine uygunlu\u011fu, yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 bu k\u0131taya devaml\u0131 y\u00f6neltti. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Nil Nehri havzas\u0131 dahil Sudan\u2019\u0131n benzer durumu ve geni\u015f arazileri, \u00c7ad G\u00f6l\u00fc \u00e7evresi, Do\u011fu Afrika\u2019da B\u00fcy\u00fck G\u00f6ller b\u00f6lgesi, G\u00fcney Afrika b\u00f6lgesi \u00fclkeleri, son bir as\u0131rda k\u0131yas\u0131ya \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 alanlar\u0131 a\u00e7maya sevk etti. \u015eimdilerde Bat\u0131 Afrika \u00fclkeleri g\u0131da sanayinin vazge\u00e7ilmezi, ila\u00e7 sanayi ve \u00f6zellikle \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 at\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n biyoyak\u0131tlar i\u00e7in hayati konumu ve \u00f6zellikle sofralar\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmesi \u015feker, Afrikal\u0131lar i\u00e7in art\u0131k ekonominin vazge\u00e7ilmesi haline geldi. D\u00fcnya \u015feker piyasalar\u0131, Afrika \u00fclkelerini \u015feker \u00fcretmeye zorluyor ve rekabet\u00e7i ortamda insan kayna\u011f\u0131, iklimin uygunlu\u011fu ve yeni teknolojiler, bu k\u0131tay\u0131 yak\u0131n gelecekte \u00f6nemli oyuncu haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrecek. 1970\u2019lerde kurulup at\u0131l hale gelen fabrikalar, bulunduklar\u0131 \u00fclkeler taraf\u0131ndan yeniden \u00fcretime haz\u0131r hale getirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. M\u0131s\u0131r ve Fas gibi \u00fclkelerin \u015feker pancar\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem vermeleri, bu konuda ciddi tecr\u00fcbe sahibi T\u00fcrkiye ile pek \u00e7ok Afrika \u00fclkesi aras\u0131nda i\u015fbirli\u011fi imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 beraberinde getirecek.<\/span><\/p>

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ELEKTR\u0130K \u0130HT\u0130YACINI KAR\u015eILIYOR<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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\u015eeker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131, 2.5-6 metre aras\u0131nda bir y\u00fcksekli\u011fe sahip. Dikimden itibaren en az ayn\u0131 k\u00f6kten 2 y\u0131l, genelde 6 ila 10 y\u0131l aras\u0131nda \u00fcr\u00fcn veriyor. Hasat sonras\u0131 yeniden filizlenen k\u00f6kler bir sonraki senenin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc oluyor. Bitkinin y\u00fczde 70\u2019i su i\u00e7eriyor, y\u00fczde 10-15 aras\u0131nda \u015feker, geriye kalan at\u0131klardan ise hayvan yemi elde ediliyor. \u015eimdilerde fabrikalar\u0131n elektrik ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131yor. \u00c7o\u011fu Afrika \u00fclkesinin tar\u0131m arazilerini \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fcretimine a\u00e7malar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zorunluluk haline geldi. Giderek artan \u015fehirle\u015fme ve orta s\u0131n\u0131f toplumlar\u0131n bu k\u0131tada geni\u015flemesiyle \u015fekere ihtiya\u00e7 artt\u0131. Nijerya ve benzeri \u00fclkeler, adeta s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 d\u00f6vizlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 bu \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc sat\u0131n almak i\u00e7in yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na aktar\u0131yor. Topraklar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 92\u2019si \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile kapl\u0131 Moritus ve Esvatini (Svaziland) gibi baz\u0131 \u00fclkeler ise en b\u00fcy\u00fck ihracat gelirlerini bu \u00fcr\u00fcnden elde ediyor.<\/span><\/p>

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\u00dcRET\u0130M HACM\u0130 11 M\u0130LYON TON<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Afrika\u2019da \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve \u015feker pancar\u0131 deyince akla gelen ilk \u00fclke M\u0131s\u0131r. K\u0131tadaki 11 milyon tona yak\u0131n \u015feker \u00fcretiminin y\u00fczde 20\u2019sini her ne kadar tek ba\u015f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131lasa da kendi ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131 sebebiyle ayn\u0131 zamanda ciddi bir ithalat\u00e7\u0131. G\u00fcney Afrika Cumhuriyeti de 2 milyon tonu a\u015fan \u00fcretiminin yar\u0131dan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 kendi t\u00fcketiyor. 1950\u2019li y\u0131llarda \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fcretimine ba\u015flayan Esvatini ve Moritus ise \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin \u00e7o\u011funu Fildi\u015fi Sahili gibi ihra\u00e7 ediyor. Halen M\u0131s\u0131r, G\u00fcney Afrika, Sudan, Etiyopya, Kenya, Esvatini, Nijerya, Fas, Malavi ve Zimbabve, \u00fcretim miktarlar\u0131 ile k\u0131tan\u0131n en \u00e7ok \u015feker \u00fcreten \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda.<\/span><\/p>

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\u00dcLKELER ARASINDA TA\u015eIMACILI\u011eIN \u0130Y\u0130LE\u015eT\u0130R\u0130LMES\u0130 G\u00dcNDEMDE<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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En son 2024 y\u0131l\u0131 nisan ay\u0131nda Kenya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Nairobi\u2019de 11\u2019incisi d\u00fczenlenen Afrika \u015eeker Konferans\u0131 ile hem \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 hem de \u015feker pancar\u0131 \u00fcretiminde yeni geli\u015fmeler ele al\u0131n\u0131yor ve k\u0131ta i\u00e7in gelecekte artan de\u011feri \u00fczerinde yeni g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere yer veriliyor. Afrika Serbest Ticaret Anla\u015fmas\u0131 ile art\u0131k kendi aralar\u0131nda \u015feker ticaretinin \u00fcreten \u00fclkeler ile ithal eden \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131n kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, bir\u00e7ok engelin kalkmas\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi \u00fczerinde duruluyor. Y\u00fczbinlerce k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7iftlik sahiplerinin mevcut konumlar\u0131 korunurken, b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fletmelerin de yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hedefleniyor. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerinde oldu\u011fu gibi Afrika\u2019n\u0131n \u015feker \u00fcretimi sadece bunun i\u00e7in gerekli \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve \u015feker pancar\u0131 \u00fcretmekten ibaret de\u011fil. Arazilerin i\u015flenmesini, bu sahada gerekli insan g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn ziraat m\u00fchendisleri dahil e\u011fitilmesini, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc makina ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131, bu \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn pazarlanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve bundan elde edilecek di\u011fer yan sanayilerin devreye sokulmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyor.<\/span><\/p>","slug":"seker-uretiminde-yeni-oyuncu-afrika-","tags":null,"meta_title":null,"meta_description":null,"meta_keywords":null,"news_cover_min":"\/front\/uploads\/blog\/thumbnail\/1724014800Cpa5Rd6RnIRXk9E.webp","news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"view_count":1118,"cropped_1200x675":null,"user":{"id":30,"name":"AHMET","surname":"KAVAS","email":"prof-dr-ahmet-kavas@gmail.com","slug":"prof-dr-ahmet-kavas","avatar":"\/front\/uploads\/avatar\/17336916002RXDhDXyMw3kEXW.webp","status":1,"role":1,"email_verified_at":null,"orde":null,"created_at":"2022-10-24T11:09:13.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-18T09:44:44.000000Z","seo_title":null,"seo_description":null},"translations":[{"id":54545,"is_featured":0,"is_amp":0,"is_ads":0,"ads_link":null,"post_id":54419,"locale":"tr","category_id":73,"title":"\u015eeker \u00fcretiminde yeni oyuncu: Afrika","home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"subtitleuse":0,"description":"PROF. DR. AHMET KAVAS","content":"

* Afrika \u015feker pancar\u0131 dahil 11 milyon tonluk \u00fcretimiyle d\u00fcnya \u015feker ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n ancak y\u00fczde 6\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu seviye k\u0131tadaki talebin alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fundan, d\u00fcnya \u015feker piyasalar\u0131 Afrika \u00fclkelerini \u015feker \u00fcretmeye zorluyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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* Bu nedenle rekabet\u00e7i ortamda insan kayna\u011f\u0131, iklimin uygunlu\u011fu ve yeni teknolojiler bu k\u0131tay\u0131 yak\u0131n gelecekte \u00f6nemli oyuncu haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrecek. M\u0131s\u0131r ve Fas gibi \u00fclkelerin \u015feker pancar\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem vermeleri, bu konuda ciddi tecr\u00fcbe sahibi T\u00fcrkiye ile pek \u00e7ok Afrika \u00fclkesi aras\u0131nda i\u015fbirli\u011fi imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 da beraberinde getirecek.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>


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\u0130lk defa B\u00fcy\u00fck Okyanus\u2019un g\u00fcneyinde yer alan Yeni Gine ve \u00c7inhindi olarak bilinen G\u00fcney Asya b\u00f6lgesinde bitki olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinen \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya \u015feker ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 80\u2019ini kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Her ne kadar \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ana vatan\u0131 olarak Asya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki adalar g\u00f6sterilse de bug\u00fcn Brezilya, t\u00fcm \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z \u00f6nc\u00fc \u00fcretici \u00fclke konumunda. Halen vanilya, kakao ve benzeri bir\u00e7ok bitkinin anavatan\u0131 Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcretici \u00fclkeler Afrika ve Asya\u2019ya ge\u00e7mi\u015fken, \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tam aksine bir istikamet s\u00f6z konusu ve Asya men\u015feli bitkinin tar\u0131m\u0131, en \u00e7ok yeni d\u00fcnya denilen bu k\u0131tada yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Bunu \u00c7in, Hindistan ve Tayland takip ediyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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FAS\u2019TA K\u0130\u015e\u0130 BA\u015eI T\u00dcKET\u0130M 30 KG<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Afrika, t\u00fcm co\u011frafyas\u0131nda \u015feker pancar\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere 11 milyon tona ula\u015fan bug\u00fcnk\u00fc seviyesiyle d\u00fcnya \u015feker ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n ancak y\u00fczde 6\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretiyor. Oysa ki bu k\u0131tada y\u0131ll\u0131k y\u00fczde 3 gibi olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek bir talep bulunuyor. D\u00fcnya genelindeki y\u00fczde 0.7 gibi bir ortalaman\u0131n d\u00f6rt kat\u0131ndan fazla bir durum s\u00f6z konusu. Ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na y\u0131ll\u0131k t\u00fcketimde d\u00fcnya ortalamas\u0131 23 kilo iken bu, Afrika ortalamas\u0131nda 17 kilogramda kal\u0131yor. Fakat yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fle k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu miktar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir t\u00fcketim art\u0131\u015f\u0131na i\u015faret ediyor. Zaten Fas ve Senegal gibi \u00fclkelerde ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na t\u00fcketim 30 kilogram\u0131 ge\u00e7iyor. Avrupa s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011finin d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her taraf\u0131na yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan itibaren \u015feker gibi temel g\u0131da maddesinin temini ve devaml\u0131 artan pazar talebi, \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretimini yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 zorunlu hale getirdi. So\u011fuk iklimlere uygun olmayan bu bitki, daha bol sulu ve ziraat i\u00e7in verimli arazi ile \u00e7ok g\u00fcne\u015fli bir iklime ihtiya\u00e7 duyuyor. \u015eeker pancar\u0131 ise daha ziyade so\u011fuk iklime yatk\u0131n bir \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahip oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00e7ok az \u00fclkede her ikisi de yeti\u015ftirilebilir. T\u00fcrkiye gibi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 \u015fekilde \u015feker pancar\u0131na odakl\u0131 \u00fclkelerde \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok az ve belli yerlerde \u00fcretilebiliyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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\u015eEKER ADALARI<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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B\u00fcy\u00fck Okyanus\u2019ta Havai ve Fiji adalar\u0131 gibi Hint Okyanusu\u2019nun bat\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan Moritus, Reunion ve Madagaskar adalar\u0131, \u00fcrettikleri \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 miktarlar\u0131 sebebiyle \u2018\u015feker adalar\u0131\u2019 olarak tan\u0131n\u0131yor. \u00d6zellikle 1979 ve 1980 y\u0131llar\u0131nda d\u00f6rt b\u00fcy\u00fck kas\u0131rga ile neredeyse Moritus adas\u0131nda bozulmad\u0131k \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 arazisi kalmad\u0131. Ancak k\u0131sa zamanda iyile\u015ftirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla eski \u00fcretim miktar\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131. Burada yeti\u015fen \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zellikle Avrupa piyasalar\u0131ndaki de\u011ferinin d\u00fcnya genelindekinin iki kat\u0131na yak\u0131n y\u00fcksek fiyatla sat\u0131lmas\u0131, buraya hayati konum kazand\u0131r\u0131yor. \u015eimdilerde 1.5 milyona yak\u0131n n\u00fcfusunun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Hint k\u00f6kenli; t\u00fct\u00fcn veya ba\u015fka bitkilerle de me\u015fgul olup tek \u00fcr\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmak istemediler. Ancak ilk denemelerinden sonra bundan vazge\u00e7tiler. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu adadan ticaret yapanlar sadece \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 odakl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

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\u015eEKER KAMI\u015eI ODAKLI<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde y\u0131ll\u0131k 20 milyon tonu a\u015fan \u015feker ihtiyac\u0131 ile Afrika \u00fclkeleri, \u00f6zellikle ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131kla birlikte \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 odakl\u0131 \u00fcretime ve \u015feker fabrikalar\u0131 kurmaya b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem verdi. Halen de 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda kurulan ve eski teknolojiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 yenileri ile de\u011fi\u015ftirip d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131ktan kurtulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. Bu sayede de milyonlarca insana ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki istihdam alanlar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden a\u00e7arak ekonomiye ciddi katk\u0131 sa\u011flamay\u0131 planl\u0131yorlar. Afrika co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n \u015feker \u00fcretimine uygunlu\u011fu, yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 bu k\u0131taya devaml\u0131 y\u00f6neltti. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Nil Nehri havzas\u0131 dahil Sudan\u2019\u0131n benzer durumu ve geni\u015f arazileri, \u00c7ad G\u00f6l\u00fc \u00e7evresi, Do\u011fu Afrika\u2019da B\u00fcy\u00fck G\u00f6ller b\u00f6lgesi, G\u00fcney Afrika b\u00f6lgesi \u00fclkeleri, son bir as\u0131rda k\u0131yas\u0131ya \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 alanlar\u0131 a\u00e7maya sevk etti. \u015eimdilerde Bat\u0131 Afrika \u00fclkeleri g\u0131da sanayinin vazge\u00e7ilmezi, ila\u00e7 sanayi ve \u00f6zellikle \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 at\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n biyoyak\u0131tlar i\u00e7in hayati konumu ve \u00f6zellikle sofralar\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmesi \u015feker, Afrikal\u0131lar i\u00e7in art\u0131k ekonominin vazge\u00e7ilmesi haline geldi. D\u00fcnya \u015feker piyasalar\u0131, Afrika \u00fclkelerini \u015feker \u00fcretmeye zorluyor ve rekabet\u00e7i ortamda insan kayna\u011f\u0131, iklimin uygunlu\u011fu ve yeni teknolojiler, bu k\u0131tay\u0131 yak\u0131n gelecekte \u00f6nemli oyuncu haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrecek. 1970\u2019lerde kurulup at\u0131l hale gelen fabrikalar, bulunduklar\u0131 \u00fclkeler taraf\u0131ndan yeniden \u00fcretime haz\u0131r hale getirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. M\u0131s\u0131r ve Fas gibi \u00fclkelerin \u015feker pancar\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem vermeleri, bu konuda ciddi tecr\u00fcbe sahibi T\u00fcrkiye ile pek \u00e7ok Afrika \u00fclkesi aras\u0131nda i\u015fbirli\u011fi imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 beraberinde getirecek.<\/span><\/p>

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ELEKTR\u0130K \u0130HT\u0130YACINI KAR\u015eILIYOR<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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\u015eeker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131, 2.5-6 metre aras\u0131nda bir y\u00fcksekli\u011fe sahip. Dikimden itibaren en az ayn\u0131 k\u00f6kten 2 y\u0131l, genelde 6 ila 10 y\u0131l aras\u0131nda \u00fcr\u00fcn veriyor. Hasat sonras\u0131 yeniden filizlenen k\u00f6kler bir sonraki senenin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc oluyor. Bitkinin y\u00fczde 70\u2019i su i\u00e7eriyor, y\u00fczde 10-15 aras\u0131nda \u015feker, geriye kalan at\u0131klardan ise hayvan yemi elde ediliyor. \u015eimdilerde fabrikalar\u0131n elektrik ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131yor. \u00c7o\u011fu Afrika \u00fclkesinin tar\u0131m arazilerini \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fcretimine a\u00e7malar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zorunluluk haline geldi. Giderek artan \u015fehirle\u015fme ve orta s\u0131n\u0131f toplumlar\u0131n bu k\u0131tada geni\u015flemesiyle \u015fekere ihtiya\u00e7 artt\u0131. Nijerya ve benzeri \u00fclkeler, adeta s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 d\u00f6vizlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 bu \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc sat\u0131n almak i\u00e7in yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na aktar\u0131yor. Topraklar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 92\u2019si \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile kapl\u0131 Moritus ve Esvatini (Svaziland) gibi baz\u0131 \u00fclkeler ise en b\u00fcy\u00fck ihracat gelirlerini bu \u00fcr\u00fcnden elde ediyor.<\/span><\/p>

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\u00dcRET\u0130M HACM\u0130 11 M\u0130LYON TON<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Afrika\u2019da \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve \u015feker pancar\u0131 deyince akla gelen ilk \u00fclke M\u0131s\u0131r. K\u0131tadaki 11 milyon tona yak\u0131n \u015feker \u00fcretiminin y\u00fczde 20\u2019sini her ne kadar tek ba\u015f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131lasa da kendi ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131 sebebiyle ayn\u0131 zamanda ciddi bir ithalat\u00e7\u0131. G\u00fcney Afrika Cumhuriyeti de 2 milyon tonu a\u015fan \u00fcretiminin yar\u0131dan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 kendi t\u00fcketiyor. 1950\u2019li y\u0131llarda \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fcretimine ba\u015flayan Esvatini ve Moritus ise \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin \u00e7o\u011funu Fildi\u015fi Sahili gibi ihra\u00e7 ediyor. Halen M\u0131s\u0131r, G\u00fcney Afrika, Sudan, Etiyopya, Kenya, Esvatini, Nijerya, Fas, Malavi ve Zimbabve, \u00fcretim miktarlar\u0131 ile k\u0131tan\u0131n en \u00e7ok \u015feker \u00fcreten \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda.<\/span><\/p>

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\u00dcLKELER ARASINDA TA\u015eIMACILI\u011eIN \u0130Y\u0130LE\u015eT\u0130R\u0130LMES\u0130 G\u00dcNDEMDE<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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En son 2024 y\u0131l\u0131 nisan ay\u0131nda Kenya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Nairobi\u2019de 11\u2019incisi d\u00fczenlenen Afrika \u015eeker Konferans\u0131 ile hem \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 hem de \u015feker pancar\u0131 \u00fcretiminde yeni geli\u015fmeler ele al\u0131n\u0131yor ve k\u0131ta i\u00e7in gelecekte artan de\u011feri \u00fczerinde yeni g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere yer veriliyor. Afrika Serbest Ticaret Anla\u015fmas\u0131 ile art\u0131k kendi aralar\u0131nda \u015feker ticaretinin \u00fcreten \u00fclkeler ile ithal eden \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131n kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, bir\u00e7ok engelin kalkmas\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi \u00fczerinde duruluyor. Y\u00fczbinlerce k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7iftlik sahiplerinin mevcut konumlar\u0131 korunurken, b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fletmelerin de yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hedefleniyor. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerinde oldu\u011fu gibi Afrika\u2019n\u0131n \u015feker \u00fcretimi sadece bunun i\u00e7in gerekli \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve \u015feker pancar\u0131 \u00fcretmekten ibaret de\u011fil. Arazilerin i\u015flenmesini, bu sahada gerekli insan g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn ziraat m\u00fchendisleri dahil e\u011fitilmesini, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc makina ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131, bu \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn pazarlanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve bundan elde edilecek di\u011fer yan sanayilerin devreye sokulmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyor.<\/span><\/p>","slug":"seker-uretiminde-yeni-oyuncu-afrika-","orjinalimage":"\/front\/uploads\/blog\/thumbnail\/1724014800Cpa5Rd6RnIRXk9E.webp","news_cover_min":"\/front\/uploads\/blog\/thumbnail\/1724014800Cpa5Rd6RnIRXk9E.webp","news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"cropped_638x552":null,"cropped_310x208":null,"cropped_416x247":null,"cropped_197x247":null,"cropped_416x600":null,"cropped_1200x675":null,"tags":null,"meta_title":null,"meta_description":null,"meta_keywords":null,"view_count":1118,"yt":0,"ytid":"","ytimage":null,"imgdate":"2000-01-01 00:00:00","cuff_cover":null,"cropped_358x214":null,"cropped_842x474":null}]}}