{"status":true,"post":{"id":70547,"user_id":7,"status":1,"type":1,"orde":null,"notification_type":0,"static_post":0,"published_at":"2025-07-11 09:58:00","created_at":"2025-07-11T06:58:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2025-07-11T06:58:00.000000Z","edited_at":"2025-07-11 09:58:00","source_id":null,"post_id":70547,"is_featured":0,"title":"Sahte bo\u015fanmalarla SGK\u2019dan maa\u015f alanlara yarg\u0131tay\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131","slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"home_title":"Sahte bo\u015fanmalarla SGK\u2019dan maa\u015f alanlara yarg\u0131tay\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131","sub_title":null,"category_id":73,"description":null,"content":"

Anayasam\u0131z gere\u011fince herkes sosyal g\u00fcvenlik hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Bu ama\u00e7la Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Kurumu \u00a0sigortal\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc halinde belirli \u015fartlarla hak sahipleri \u00a0dul ve yetimlerine de maa\u015f ba\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>


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Dul ve yetim ayl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 s\u00fcre a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan erkeklerden farkl\u0131 olarak \u00a0dul e\u015f ve yetim k\u0131zlar\u0131 lehinde olacak \u015fekilde tanzim edilmi\u015ftir. \u00a0Buna g\u00f6re sigortal\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc h\u00e2linde k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na evli olmamalar\u0131 veya evli olmakla birlikte sonradan bo\u015fanmas\u0131 veya dul kalmas\u0131 \u015fartlar\u0131yla yetim ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011flanmaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer yandan sigortal\u0131n\u0131n dul kalan e\u015fine de \u00f6l\u00fcm tarihinde T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu'na uygun olarak evlilik ili\u015fkisinin bulunmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131yla ayl\u0131k ba\u011flanmaktad\u0131r. \u00a0Ba\u011flanan bu maa\u015flar\u0131n devaml\u0131 al\u0131nmas\u0131nda elbette herhangi bir sak\u0131nca bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Sak\u0131nca olan taraf s\u0131rf bu maa\u015flar\u0131 almak i\u00e7in sahte bo\u015fanma ve hileli yollara ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>


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SGK, her sene sosyal g\u00fcvenlik denetmenlerine yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 denetimlerle binlerce sahtecilik olay\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmektedir. Yap\u0131lan denetimler sonucunda 2023 y\u0131l\u0131 sonu itibar\u0131yla 2 Bin 418, ge\u00e7en sene ise 2414 ki\u015finin sahte bo\u015fanma yap\u0131klar\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir. E\u015finden bo\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2lde, bo\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015fiyle fiilen birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit etti\u011fi e\u015flerin ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olan ayl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kesmekte ve adlar\u0131na \u00f6denmi\u015f olan Genel Sa\u011fl\u0131k Sigortas\u0131 yard\u0131m tutarlar\u0131 da d\u00e2hil \u00a0faizi ile birlikte geri almaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>


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SGK, yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu belirtilen giderleri faiziyle birlikte almas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ayr\u0131ca sahtecilik su\u00e7undan ilgililer hakk\u0131nda Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na su\u00e7 duyurusunda bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>


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Sahte bo\u015fanmalarla emekli maa\u015f\u0131 kesilenler de mahkeme yoluna ba\u015fvurmaktad\u0131r. Bu konuda Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lamada esas alan temel ilkeler konusunda son derece kapsaml\u0131 bir karar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bahse konu emsal nitelikteki karar bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>


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KARAR B\u0130LG\u0130LER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>

Karar\u0131 Veren Daire Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 : Yarg\u0131tay 10. Hukuk Dairesi\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>

KARAR Bilgileri \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0: E: 2011\/4060 \u00a0 K: 2011\/15309<\/em><\/strong><\/p>

YASAL DAYANA\u011eI\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>: \u00a05510 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00a0Kanunu'nun \u00a0 \u201cGelir ve ayl\u0131k ba\u011flanmayacak haller\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan 56. maddesinin 2.(son) f\u0131kras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenerek 01.10.2008 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konan \u201cE\u015finden bo\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, bo\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015fiyle fiilen birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlenen e\u015f ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n, ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olan gelir ve ayl\u0131klar\u0131 kesilir. Bu ki\u015filere \u00f6denmi\u015f olan tutarlar, 96'nc\u0131 madde h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re geri al\u0131n\u0131r.\u201d h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulaman\u0131n usul ve esaslar\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil etmektedir. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00a0Anayasa'ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle iptali istemiyle Anayasa Mahkemesi'ne yap\u0131lan 2009\/86 Esas numaral\u0131 ba\u015fvuru, 28.04.2011 tarihinde verilen karar ile ret edilmi\u015f olup halen y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte oldu\u011funu belirtelim.\u00a0<\/p>


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KARARIN KONUSU:<\/strong> Dava konusu \u00f6zetle; Devredilen SSK, 506 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re hak sahibi k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fu s\u0131fat\u0131yla ba\u011flanan \u00f6l\u00fcm ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, bo\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015fiyle fiilen birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi gerek\u00e7esiyle SGK taraf\u0131ndan maa\u015f\u0131 kesilerek maa\u015f \u00f6denene s\u00fcrelerin \u00a0yersiz \u00f6deme kapsam\u0131nda al\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda \u00a0SGK Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fleminin iptali ile ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, kesilme tarihi itibar\u0131yla yeniden ba\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finin tespiti istemine ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>


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KARARIN DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RMES\u0130:\u00a0<\/strong>\u0130nceleme konusu Yarg\u0131tay karar\u0131nda sahte bo\u015fanma yoluyla SGK\u2019dan gelir\/maa\u015f alma konusunu t\u00fcm boyutlar\u0131yla kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>


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Kararda ilgili hak sahibinin se\u00e7imini, her ne sebeple olursa olsun bo\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015fiyle fiilen birlikte ya\u015fama y\u00f6n\u00fcnde kullanmas\u0131 \u00a0bireysel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde oldu\u011fu vurgulanmaktad\u0131r. Ancak bo\u015fan\u0131lan e\u015fle fiilen beraber ya\u015fama durum ve olgusuna m\u00fcdahale edemeyecek olan devletin, y\u00f6ntemince kabul edece\u011fi yasal d\u00fczenlemeyle bu t\u00fcr ili\u015fkiyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrenleri sosyal sigorta yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararland\u0131rmama (yoksun b\u0131rakma) yetkisi oldu\u011fu, \u00f6zellikle Anayasa Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan iptal ba\u015fvurusunun reddedilmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki kanunlar\u0131 uygulamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olan yarg\u0131 organlar\u0131nca g\u00f6rev s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde, sosyal g\u00fcvenlik hukuku ve onun ilkeleri kapsam\u0131nda \u00a0madde \u00a0h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc ele almas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>


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Yukar\u0131da yer verilen konuya ili\u015fkin yasal dayana\u011f\u0131n madde ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u201cba\u011flanmayacak\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yer verildikten sonra f\u0131kra metninde \u201cba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olan gelir ve ayl\u0131klar\u0131 kesilir\u201d ibareleri kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, b\u00f6ylelikle, daha \u00f6nceki sosyal g\u00fcvenlik kanunlar\u0131nda yer almayan, bo\u015fan\u0131lan e\u015fle fiilen (eylemli olarak) birlikte ya\u015fama olgusu, gelir\/ayl\u0131k kesme nedeni olarak d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi gibi, eylemli olarak birlikte ya\u015fama, ayn\u0131 zamanda gelir\/ayl\u0131k ba\u011flama engeli olarak da benimsenmi\u015ftir. Buradan hareketle \u00a0bo\u015fanma tarihi itibar\u0131yla ger\u00e7ek\/samimi bo\u015fanma iradelerine sahip olan (evlilik birli\u011fi temelinden sars\u0131lan) veya olmayan t\u00fcm e\u015flerin, maddenin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck tarihi olan 01.10.2008 tarihinden itibaren her ne sebeple olursa olsun eylemli olarak birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n saptanmas\u0131 durumunda gelirin\/ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kesilmesinin zorunlu oldu\u011funun alt\u0131 \u00e7izilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>


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Gelirin\/ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kesilme tarihi ile SGK\u2019n\u0131n \u00a0geri al\u0131m (istirdat) hakk\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak; eylemli birlikte ya\u015fama olgusunun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme\/ba\u015flama tarihi esas al\u0131narak bu tarih itibar\u0131yla gelir\/ayl\u0131k kesme veya iptal i\u015flemi tesis edilip ilgiliye, an\u0131lan tarihten itibaren yap\u0131lan \u00f6demeler yasal dayanaktan yoksun\/yersiz kabul edilmeli, ancak, s\u00f6z konusu madde 01.10.2008 g\u00fcn\u00fc y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011finden, eylemli birliktelik daha \u00f6nce ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olsa dahi maddenin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6ncesine gidilmemesi gerekti\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>


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Bu t\u00fcr davalarda eylemli olarak birlikte ya\u015fama olgusunun t\u00fcm a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ve \u00f6zellikle taraflar aras\u0131ndaki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k konusu d\u00f6nem y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ortaya konulmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nem arz etti\u011fi bu meyanda taraflar\u0131n g\u00f6sterece\u011fi t\u00fcm kan\u0131tlar\u0131n toplanmas\u0131, bildirilen ve dinlenilmesi istenilen tan\u0131klar\u0131n ifadelerinin al\u0131nmas\u0131, davac\u0131 ile bo\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015finin yerle\u015fim yerlerinin saptanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak; muhtarl\u0131ktan t\u00fcm belgelerin istenmesi, ilgili N\u00fcfus M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinden sa\u011flanan n\u00fcfus kay\u0131t \u00f6rnekleri ile yerle\u015fim yeri ve di\u011fer adres belgelerinden yararlan\u0131lmas\u0131, adres de\u011fi\u015fiklik ve nakillerine ili\u015fkin bilgilere ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00f6zellikle ilgili N\u00fcfus M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019nden adres hareketleri, tarihleriyle birlikte istenilmesi, ilgililerin su, elektrik, telefon aboneliklerinin hangi adreste kimin ad\u0131na tesis edildi\u011finin saptanmas\u0131, se\u00e7men bilgi kay\u0131tlar\u0131, varsa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 nedeniyle resmi\/\u00f6zel kurum ve kurulu\u015flara verilen belgelerde yer alan adreslerin dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131, bo\u015fanan e\u015fler 4857 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri kapsam\u0131nda yer almakta iseler adlar\u0131na \u00f6deme yap\u0131labilecek \u00f6zel olarak a\u00e7\u0131lan banka hesab\u0131 bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bo\u015fanan e\u015flerin kay\u0131tl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lge\/b\u00f6lgeler y\u00f6n\u00fcnden kapsaml\u0131 Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\/Jandarma Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131, an\u0131lan mahalle\/k\u00f6y muhtar ve azalar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131k s\u0131fat\u0131yla bilgi ve g\u00f6rg\u00fclerine ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131, b\u00f6ylelikle \u201cbo\u015fan\u0131lan e\u015fle eylemli olarak birlikte ya\u015fama\u201d olgusunun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fip ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011fi, toplanan kan\u0131tlar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirildikten sonra elde edilecek sonuca g\u00f6re karar verilmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>


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SONU\u00c7: <\/strong><\/p>

Toplumda uzun y\u0131llardan beri \u00a0\u00f6zelikle SGK \u00a05510 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi 17 y\u0131ldan beri \u201csahte bo\u015fanma\u201d \u201cmuvazaal\u0131 bo\u015fanma\u201d olarak da bilinen \u00a0ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015f sigortal\u0131\/i\u015ftirak\u00e7i annesi\/babas\u0131 \u00fczerinden \u00f6l\u00fcm ayl\u0131k veya gelirine\/yetim ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131na hak kazanabilmek i\u00e7in evlilik ba\u011f\u0131na son verip bo\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015fiyle birlikte ya\u015famay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n veya hayatta bulunmayan sigortal\u0131\/i\u015ftirak\u00e7i eski e\u015fi \u00fczerinden \u00f6l\u00fcm ayl\u0131k veya geliri\/dul ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahsisi i\u00e7in mevcut evlilik birli\u011fini sonland\u0131rmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n sonraki e\u015fiyle beraberli\u011fini devam ettiren ki\u015filerin durumu etik de\u011ferler, ahlaki alg\u0131 ve kurallar ile SGK\u2019n\u0131n doland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 olarak alg\u0131lanmaktad\u0131r. Konuyla ilgili d\u00fczenlemenin iptali i\u00e7in \u00a0Anayasa Mahkemesine yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvuru ret edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>


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Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sahte\/muvaazal\u0131 bo\u015fanma yoluyla SGK\u2019dan gelir\/maa\u015f al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmesine y\u00f6nelik yasal d\u00fczenleme 01 Ekim 2008 tarihinden itibaren halen y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen tarihten \u00f6nce de olsa ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olan gelir ve maa\u015flar, e\u015f veya \u00e7ocu\u011fun, bo\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015fiyle eylemli olarak birlikte ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131n tespit edilmesi halinde kesilmesi ve Kurumca yersiz \u00f6deme kapsam\u0131nda geri al\u0131nmas\u0131 tamamen hukuki ve yerindedir. Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n karar\u0131 da bu y\u00f6ndedir. Ancak Yarg\u0131tay bu konu ile ilgili yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcrecinin son derece hassas bir \u015fekilde ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z t\u00fcm kan\u0131t, delil \u00a0ve tan\u0131klarla ortaya konmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi \u00f6zelikle vurgulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>


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Netice itibar\u0131yla s\u0131rf maa\u015f almak i\u00e7in \u00a0e\u015finden anla\u015fmal\u0131 bo\u015fananlar\u0131n bo\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015fiyle fiilen birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit edilmesi halinde SGK taraf\u0131ndan ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olan ayl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kesilece\u011fi \u00a0ve adlar\u0131na \u00f6denmi\u015f olan Genel Sa\u011fl\u0131k Sigortas\u0131 yard\u0131m tutarlar\u0131 da d\u00e2hil \u00a0faizi ile birlikte geri al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. SGK\u2019n\u0131n devaml\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu denetimlerde de eninde sonunda mutlaka sahte bo\u015fanmalar\u0131n tespit edilece\u011fi, mahkeme a\u015famas\u0131nda da \u00a0bo\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015fiyle eylemli olarak birlikte ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n SGK i\u015flemlerine kar\u015f\u0131n ellerinin yasal a\u00e7\u0131dan son derece zay\u0131f oldu\u011funu, inceleme konusu karar da ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>


<\/p>","slug":"sahte-bosanmalarla-sgkdan-maas-alanlara-yargitayin-yaklasimi","tags":null,"meta_title":"Sahte bo\u015fanmalarla SGK\u2019dan maa\u015f alanlara yarg\u0131tay\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131","meta_description":"Anayasam\u0131z gere\u011fince herkes sosyal g\u00fcvenlik hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Bu ama\u00e7la Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Kurumu sigortal\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc halinde belirli \u015fartlarla hak sahipleri dul ve yetimlerine de maa\u015f ba\u011flamaktad\u0131r.","meta_keywords":null,"news_cover_min":"\/front\/uploads\/blog\/thumbnail\/1752181200Nmk7M6qetYzqWpW.webp","news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"view_count":0,"cropped_1200x675":"\/front\/uploads\/haber\/1200x675\/sahte-bosanmalarla-sgkdan-maas-alanlara-yargitayin-yaklasimi_1200x675_ePEkhsMig9.webp","user":{"id":7,"name":"\u0130SA","surname":"KARAKA\u015e","email":"igurmen@yandex.com.tr","slug":"isa-karakas","avatar":"\/front\/uploads\/avatar\/1733691600UsNll1YpnmquGG1.webp","status":1,"role":1,"email_verified_at":null,"orde":null,"created_at":"2022-09-15T09:39:41.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-18T10:20:38.000000Z","seo_title":null,"seo_description":null},"translations":[{"id":70679,"is_featured":0,"is_amp":0,"is_ads":0,"ads_link":null,"post_id":70547,"locale":"tr","category_id":73,"title":"Sahte bo\u015fanmalarla SGK\u2019dan maa\u015f alanlara yarg\u0131tay\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131","home_title":"Sahte bo\u015fanmalarla SGK\u2019dan maa\u015f alanlara yarg\u0131tay\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131","sub_title":null,"slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"subtitleuse":0,"description":null,"content":"

Anayasam\u0131z gere\u011fince herkes sosyal g\u00fcvenlik hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Bu ama\u00e7la Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Kurumu \u00a0sigortal\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc halinde belirli \u015fartlarla hak sahipleri \u00a0dul ve yetimlerine de maa\u015f ba\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>


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Dul ve yetim ayl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 s\u00fcre a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan erkeklerden farkl\u0131 olarak \u00a0dul e\u015f ve yetim k\u0131zlar\u0131 lehinde olacak \u015fekilde tanzim edilmi\u015ftir. \u00a0Buna g\u00f6re sigortal\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc h\u00e2linde k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na evli olmamalar\u0131 veya evli olmakla birlikte sonradan bo\u015fanmas\u0131 veya dul kalmas\u0131 \u015fartlar\u0131yla yetim ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011flanmaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer yandan sigortal\u0131n\u0131n dul kalan e\u015fine de \u00f6l\u00fcm tarihinde T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu'na uygun olarak evlilik ili\u015fkisinin bulunmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131yla ayl\u0131k ba\u011flanmaktad\u0131r. \u00a0Ba\u011flanan bu maa\u015flar\u0131n devaml\u0131 al\u0131nmas\u0131nda elbette herhangi bir sak\u0131nca bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Sak\u0131nca olan taraf s\u0131rf bu maa\u015flar\u0131 almak i\u00e7in sahte bo\u015fanma ve hileli yollara ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>


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SGK, her sene sosyal g\u00fcvenlik denetmenlerine yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 denetimlerle binlerce sahtecilik olay\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmektedir. Yap\u0131lan denetimler sonucunda 2023 y\u0131l\u0131 sonu itibar\u0131yla 2 Bin 418, ge\u00e7en sene ise 2414 ki\u015finin sahte bo\u015fanma yap\u0131klar\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir. E\u015finden bo\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2lde, bo\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015fiyle fiilen birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit etti\u011fi e\u015flerin ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olan ayl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kesmekte ve adlar\u0131na \u00f6denmi\u015f olan Genel Sa\u011fl\u0131k Sigortas\u0131 yard\u0131m tutarlar\u0131 da d\u00e2hil \u00a0faizi ile birlikte geri almaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>


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SGK, yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu belirtilen giderleri faiziyle birlikte almas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ayr\u0131ca sahtecilik su\u00e7undan ilgililer hakk\u0131nda Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na su\u00e7 duyurusunda bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>


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Sahte bo\u015fanmalarla emekli maa\u015f\u0131 kesilenler de mahkeme yoluna ba\u015fvurmaktad\u0131r. Bu konuda Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lamada esas alan temel ilkeler konusunda son derece kapsaml\u0131 bir karar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bahse konu emsal nitelikteki karar bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>


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KARAR B\u0130LG\u0130LER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>

Karar\u0131 Veren Daire Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 : Yarg\u0131tay 10. Hukuk Dairesi\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>

KARAR Bilgileri \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0: E: 2011\/4060 \u00a0 K: 2011\/15309<\/em><\/strong><\/p>

YASAL DAYANA\u011eI\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>: \u00a05510 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00a0Kanunu'nun \u00a0 \u201cGelir ve ayl\u0131k ba\u011flanmayacak haller\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan 56. maddesinin 2.(son) f\u0131kras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenerek 01.10.2008 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konan \u201cE\u015finden bo\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, bo\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015fiyle fiilen birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlenen e\u015f ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n, ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olan gelir ve ayl\u0131klar\u0131 kesilir. Bu ki\u015filere \u00f6denmi\u015f olan tutarlar, 96'nc\u0131 madde h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re geri al\u0131n\u0131r.\u201d h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulaman\u0131n usul ve esaslar\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil etmektedir. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00a0Anayasa'ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle iptali istemiyle Anayasa Mahkemesi'ne yap\u0131lan 2009\/86 Esas numaral\u0131 ba\u015fvuru, 28.04.2011 tarihinde verilen karar ile ret edilmi\u015f olup halen y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte oldu\u011funu belirtelim.\u00a0<\/p>


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KARARIN KONUSU:<\/strong> Dava konusu \u00f6zetle; Devredilen SSK, 506 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re hak sahibi k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fu s\u0131fat\u0131yla ba\u011flanan \u00f6l\u00fcm ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, bo\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015fiyle fiilen birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi gerek\u00e7esiyle SGK taraf\u0131ndan maa\u015f\u0131 kesilerek maa\u015f \u00f6denene s\u00fcrelerin \u00a0yersiz \u00f6deme kapsam\u0131nda al\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda \u00a0SGK Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fleminin iptali ile ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, kesilme tarihi itibar\u0131yla yeniden ba\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finin tespiti istemine ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>


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KARARIN DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RMES\u0130:\u00a0<\/strong>\u0130nceleme konusu Yarg\u0131tay karar\u0131nda sahte bo\u015fanma yoluyla SGK\u2019dan gelir\/maa\u015f alma konusunu t\u00fcm boyutlar\u0131yla kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>


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Kararda ilgili hak sahibinin se\u00e7imini, her ne sebeple olursa olsun bo\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015fiyle fiilen birlikte ya\u015fama y\u00f6n\u00fcnde kullanmas\u0131 \u00a0bireysel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde oldu\u011fu vurgulanmaktad\u0131r. Ancak bo\u015fan\u0131lan e\u015fle fiilen beraber ya\u015fama durum ve olgusuna m\u00fcdahale edemeyecek olan devletin, y\u00f6ntemince kabul edece\u011fi yasal d\u00fczenlemeyle bu t\u00fcr ili\u015fkiyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrenleri sosyal sigorta yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararland\u0131rmama (yoksun b\u0131rakma) yetkisi oldu\u011fu, \u00f6zellikle Anayasa Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan iptal ba\u015fvurusunun reddedilmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki kanunlar\u0131 uygulamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olan yarg\u0131 organlar\u0131nca g\u00f6rev s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde, sosyal g\u00fcvenlik hukuku ve onun ilkeleri kapsam\u0131nda \u00a0madde \u00a0h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc ele almas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>


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Yukar\u0131da yer verilen konuya ili\u015fkin yasal dayana\u011f\u0131n madde ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u201cba\u011flanmayacak\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yer verildikten sonra f\u0131kra metninde \u201cba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olan gelir ve ayl\u0131klar\u0131 kesilir\u201d ibareleri kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, b\u00f6ylelikle, daha \u00f6nceki sosyal g\u00fcvenlik kanunlar\u0131nda yer almayan, bo\u015fan\u0131lan e\u015fle fiilen (eylemli olarak) birlikte ya\u015fama olgusu, gelir\/ayl\u0131k kesme nedeni olarak d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi gibi, eylemli olarak birlikte ya\u015fama, ayn\u0131 zamanda gelir\/ayl\u0131k ba\u011flama engeli olarak da benimsenmi\u015ftir. Buradan hareketle \u00a0bo\u015fanma tarihi itibar\u0131yla ger\u00e7ek\/samimi bo\u015fanma iradelerine sahip olan (evlilik birli\u011fi temelinden sars\u0131lan) veya olmayan t\u00fcm e\u015flerin, maddenin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck tarihi olan 01.10.2008 tarihinden itibaren her ne sebeple olursa olsun eylemli olarak birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n saptanmas\u0131 durumunda gelirin\/ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kesilmesinin zorunlu oldu\u011funun alt\u0131 \u00e7izilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>


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Gelirin\/ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kesilme tarihi ile SGK\u2019n\u0131n \u00a0geri al\u0131m (istirdat) hakk\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak; eylemli birlikte ya\u015fama olgusunun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme\/ba\u015flama tarihi esas al\u0131narak bu tarih itibar\u0131yla gelir\/ayl\u0131k kesme veya iptal i\u015flemi tesis edilip ilgiliye, an\u0131lan tarihten itibaren yap\u0131lan \u00f6demeler yasal dayanaktan yoksun\/yersiz kabul edilmeli, ancak, s\u00f6z konusu madde 01.10.2008 g\u00fcn\u00fc y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011finden, eylemli birliktelik daha \u00f6nce ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olsa dahi maddenin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6ncesine gidilmemesi gerekti\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>


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Bu t\u00fcr davalarda eylemli olarak birlikte ya\u015fama olgusunun t\u00fcm a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ve \u00f6zellikle taraflar aras\u0131ndaki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k konusu d\u00f6nem y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ortaya konulmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nem arz etti\u011fi bu meyanda taraflar\u0131n g\u00f6sterece\u011fi t\u00fcm kan\u0131tlar\u0131n toplanmas\u0131, bildirilen ve dinlenilmesi istenilen tan\u0131klar\u0131n ifadelerinin al\u0131nmas\u0131, davac\u0131 ile bo\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015finin yerle\u015fim yerlerinin saptanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak; muhtarl\u0131ktan t\u00fcm belgelerin istenmesi, ilgili N\u00fcfus M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinden sa\u011flanan n\u00fcfus kay\u0131t \u00f6rnekleri ile yerle\u015fim yeri ve di\u011fer adres belgelerinden yararlan\u0131lmas\u0131, adres de\u011fi\u015fiklik ve nakillerine ili\u015fkin bilgilere ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00f6zellikle ilgili N\u00fcfus M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019nden adres hareketleri, tarihleriyle birlikte istenilmesi, ilgililerin su, elektrik, telefon aboneliklerinin hangi adreste kimin ad\u0131na tesis edildi\u011finin saptanmas\u0131, se\u00e7men bilgi kay\u0131tlar\u0131, varsa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 nedeniyle resmi\/\u00f6zel kurum ve kurulu\u015flara verilen belgelerde yer alan adreslerin dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131, bo\u015fanan e\u015fler 4857 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri kapsam\u0131nda yer almakta iseler adlar\u0131na \u00f6deme yap\u0131labilecek \u00f6zel olarak a\u00e7\u0131lan banka hesab\u0131 bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bo\u015fanan e\u015flerin kay\u0131tl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lge\/b\u00f6lgeler y\u00f6n\u00fcnden kapsaml\u0131 Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\/Jandarma Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131, an\u0131lan mahalle\/k\u00f6y muhtar ve azalar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131k s\u0131fat\u0131yla bilgi ve g\u00f6rg\u00fclerine ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131, b\u00f6ylelikle \u201cbo\u015fan\u0131lan e\u015fle eylemli olarak birlikte ya\u015fama\u201d olgusunun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fip ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011fi, toplanan kan\u0131tlar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirildikten sonra elde edilecek sonuca g\u00f6re karar verilmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>


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SONU\u00c7: <\/strong><\/p>

Toplumda uzun y\u0131llardan beri \u00a0\u00f6zelikle SGK \u00a05510 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi 17 y\u0131ldan beri \u201csahte bo\u015fanma\u201d \u201cmuvazaal\u0131 bo\u015fanma\u201d olarak da bilinen \u00a0ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015f sigortal\u0131\/i\u015ftirak\u00e7i annesi\/babas\u0131 \u00fczerinden \u00f6l\u00fcm ayl\u0131k veya gelirine\/yetim ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131na hak kazanabilmek i\u00e7in evlilik ba\u011f\u0131na son verip bo\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015fiyle birlikte ya\u015famay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n veya hayatta bulunmayan sigortal\u0131\/i\u015ftirak\u00e7i eski e\u015fi \u00fczerinden \u00f6l\u00fcm ayl\u0131k veya geliri\/dul ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahsisi i\u00e7in mevcut evlilik birli\u011fini sonland\u0131rmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n sonraki e\u015fiyle beraberli\u011fini devam ettiren ki\u015filerin durumu etik de\u011ferler, ahlaki alg\u0131 ve kurallar ile SGK\u2019n\u0131n doland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 olarak alg\u0131lanmaktad\u0131r. Konuyla ilgili d\u00fczenlemenin iptali i\u00e7in \u00a0Anayasa Mahkemesine yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvuru ret edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>


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Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sahte\/muvaazal\u0131 bo\u015fanma yoluyla SGK\u2019dan gelir\/maa\u015f al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmesine y\u00f6nelik yasal d\u00fczenleme 01 Ekim 2008 tarihinden itibaren halen y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen tarihten \u00f6nce de olsa ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olan gelir ve maa\u015flar, e\u015f veya \u00e7ocu\u011fun, bo\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015fiyle eylemli olarak birlikte ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131n tespit edilmesi halinde kesilmesi ve Kurumca yersiz \u00f6deme kapsam\u0131nda geri al\u0131nmas\u0131 tamamen hukuki ve yerindedir. Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n karar\u0131 da bu y\u00f6ndedir. Ancak Yarg\u0131tay bu konu ile ilgili yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcrecinin son derece hassas bir \u015fekilde ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z t\u00fcm kan\u0131t, delil \u00a0ve tan\u0131klarla ortaya konmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi \u00f6zelikle vurgulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>


<\/p>

Netice itibar\u0131yla s\u0131rf maa\u015f almak i\u00e7in \u00a0e\u015finden anla\u015fmal\u0131 bo\u015fananlar\u0131n bo\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015fiyle fiilen birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit edilmesi halinde SGK taraf\u0131ndan ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olan ayl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kesilece\u011fi \u00a0ve adlar\u0131na \u00f6denmi\u015f olan Genel Sa\u011fl\u0131k Sigortas\u0131 yard\u0131m tutarlar\u0131 da d\u00e2hil \u00a0faizi ile birlikte geri al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. SGK\u2019n\u0131n devaml\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu denetimlerde de eninde sonunda mutlaka sahte bo\u015fanmalar\u0131n tespit edilece\u011fi, mahkeme a\u015famas\u0131nda da \u00a0bo\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015fiyle eylemli olarak birlikte ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n SGK i\u015flemlerine kar\u015f\u0131n ellerinin yasal a\u00e7\u0131dan son derece zay\u0131f oldu\u011funu, inceleme konusu karar da ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>


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