{"status":true,"post":{"id":48357,"user_id":30,"status":1,"type":1,"orde":null,"notification_type":3,"static_post":0,"published_at":"2024-02-05 08:18:00","created_at":"2024-02-05T05:18:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-02-05T05:18:00.000000Z","edited_at":"2024-12-17 22:35:21","source_id":null,"post_id":48357,"is_featured":0,"title":"Koca k\u0131taya k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 koridor","slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"category_id":73,"description":"PROF. DR. AHMET KAVAS","content":"

K\u00fcresel bak\u0131r madeni rezervinde alt s\u0131ralarda olsa da elektrikli otomobillerde kullan\u0131lan kobalt ve lityumca zengin olan Afrika\u2019da yeni bir ticaret yolu a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor. K\u0131tan\u0131n bat\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015flay\u0131p do\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na ula\u015facak Lobito Koridoru, 5 kat daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ula\u015f\u0131mla k\u0131ta \u00fclkelerinin gelece\u011fini de\u011fi\u015ftirecek. Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkeler de bu koridor sayesinde Afrika\u2019dan kritik mineral tedarikini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alacak.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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D\u00fcnya ticaretindeki sanayi ve teknoloji geli\u015firken, tedarikte istikrar \u00f6nemini art\u0131r\u0131yor. Bu geli\u015fmeler, yeni ticaret a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor. Bunlardan biri de madenler ve \u00f6zellikle bak\u0131r ticaretiyle ilgili. Bat\u0131 Afrika k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndan ba\u015flay\u0131p k\u0131tan\u0131n ortas\u0131ndan do\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na ula\u015facak bir hat (Lobito Koridoru) kuruluyor. Bu hat, b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda bak\u0131r madeninin ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131yla ilgili. Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkeler\u00a0<\/span>Lobito Koridoru sayesinde Afrika \u00fclkelerinden temin ettikleri kritik minerallerin gelece\u011fini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almay\u0131 hedefliyor. Her ne kadar tahmin edilen bak\u0131r rezervinin \u00e7o\u011fu \u015eili ve Avustralya\u2019da olsa da Afrika \u00fclkelerindeki potansiyel, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fclkelerin dikkatini \u00e7ekiyor. Halen tespit edilen bak\u0131r kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n miktar\u0131 880 milyon ton civar\u0131nda. \u015eimdilerde bu alanda \u00f6zellikle iki Afrika \u00fclkesi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Bunlar Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti ve Zambiya. Ayr\u0131ca daha az da olsa Botswana, G\u00fcney Afrika Cumhuriyeti, Fas ve Eritre de di\u011fer \u00fcretici \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p>

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TALEP ARTIYOR<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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K\u00fcresel b\u00fcy\u00fcme, bak\u0131ra olan talebi art\u0131r\u0131yor. 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda 15 milyon 100 bin tonluk talep, 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda 22 milyon tona y\u00fckseldi. Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin rezervi 19 milyon ton, Zambiya\u2019n\u0131n ise 21 milyon ton olarak hesap ediliyor. Bunlar d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir y\u0131ll\u0131k t\u00fcketimine e\u015fit g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de yeni maden yataklar\u0131n\u0131n tespitiyle bu tahminlerin \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131k\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/span><\/p>

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1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda bile bak\u0131r madencili\u011fi dendi\u011finde hem d\u00fcnyada hem de Afrika\u2019da ilk akla gelen \u00fclke Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti idi. Hatta s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik d\u00f6neminde Bel\u00e7ika taraf\u0131ndan bu \u00fclkedeki en \u00f6nemli menfaat alan\u0131n\u0131n bak\u0131r madenleri oldu\u011fu biliniyordu. Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti ve Zambiya\u2019n\u0131n bak\u0131r \u00fcretiminde Afrika\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fc \u00fclkeleri olmalar\u0131, her iki kom\u015fu \u00fclkeyi, bak\u0131r, kobalt ve lityum alanlar\u0131nda da birlikte hareket etmeye sevk ediyor. \u00d6zellikle bu madenlerin bulunduklar\u0131 yerlerden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n zorlu\u011fu yan\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 pazarlardaki al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131na k\u0131sa zamanda ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 gerekiyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

EN B\u00dcY\u00dcK \u0130\u015eLETMEC\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Kamoa-Kakula madeniyle Afrika\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck bak\u0131r madeni i\u015fletmecisi olan Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck maden b\u00f6lgesine sahip. Tesiste bu y\u0131l \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc konsantrat\u00f6r devreye al\u0131narak \u00fcretim miktar\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131lacak. Bu arada Angola, Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti, G\u00fcney Afrika Cumhuriyeti, Mozambik ve Tanzanya aras\u0131nda karayollar\u0131 ve demiryollar\u0131 a\u011flar\u0131 ile farkl\u0131 ihra\u00e7 \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ya da ithal mallar ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131yor. Nakliye denilince de ge\u00e7en y\u0131l Afrika\u2019da ad\u0131ndan en \u00e7ok s\u00f6z ettiren projelerden biri Lobito Atlantik Demiryolu Koridoru (Lobito Koridoru) oldu. Projenin tamamlanmas\u0131 halinde Angola\u2019n\u0131n Atlas Okyanusu sahilindeki Lobito Liman\u0131\u2019ndan do\u011fuya do\u011fru uzanan demiryolu \u00f6nce Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne, oradan da Zambiya\u2019ya ula\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra Tanzanya\u2019ya ge\u00e7ip Hint Okyanusu sahilindeki eski ba\u015fkent Dar\u00fcsselam \u015fehrine ula\u015facak.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00c7\u0130N F\u0130NANSE ED\u0130YOR<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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\u00c7in taraf\u0131ndan finanse edilmeye ba\u015flanan bu proje tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 4 bin kilometrelik bir demiryolu a\u011f\u0131, 5 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde kurulacak. Bu koridorun a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte Afrika\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcney b\u00f6lgesi \u00fclkelerinde yat\u0131r\u0131mlar ve ticaret artacak.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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25 G\u00dcN YER\u0130NE 8 G\u00dcN<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Kanadal\u0131 Ivanhoe Mines \u015firketi, 23 Aral\u0131k 2023\u2019te Kamoa-Kakula madeninde \u00fcretti\u011fi 10 bin tonluk bak\u0131r konsantresinin ilk k\u0131sm\u0131 olan bin 110 tonunu, 31 Aral\u0131k\u2019ta demiryoluyla Lobito Liman\u0131\u2019na ula\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu. B\u00f6ylece 8 g\u00fcn gibi en k\u0131sa k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ta\u015f\u0131ma ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f oldu. Y\u00fck kamyonlar\u0131 bu madenden kalk\u0131p G\u00fcney Afrika Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin sahildeki Durban \u015fehrine gitse yakla\u015f\u0131k 25 g\u00fcn s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Lobito Koridoru yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ift y\u00f6nde 40-50 g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcre kayb\u0131 ortadan kalkacak. Ayr\u0131ca enerji kayb\u0131, ikmal giderleri ve karbon ayak izi de azalacak. Lobito Koridoru\u2019ndan demiryolu ile ba\u015flat\u0131lan bu ilk sevkiyat sonras\u0131 Ivanhoe Mines yetkilileri, Afrika\u2019n\u0131n bak\u0131r ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fcresel pazarlara ba\u011flayan yeni bir tedarik zinciri olu\u015fturman\u0131n gelecek i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hamle oldu\u011funu belirtiyor. Bu hat, Afrika\u2019n\u0131n ikinci bak\u0131r \u00fcreticisi Zambiya i\u00e7in de hayati \u00f6neme sahip. Bu projenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi, ABD ve AB\u2019nin ilgisini hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor. Zaten Avrupa Birli\u011fi, Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti, Angola ve Zambiya kritik madenlerin tedariki i\u00e7in gerekli ortakl\u0131k anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131. Bunun taraflar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ABD, Afrika Kalk\u0131nma Bankas\u0131 ve Afrika Finans Kurumu da yer al\u0131yor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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KOBALT VE L\u0130TYUM<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Maliyeti 1.6 milyar dolara ula\u015fmas\u0131 beklenen devasa projenin finans\u00f6r\u00fc \u00c7in olsa da bu \u00fclkeye a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 bekleniyor. Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti, Mali, Zambiya ve Zimbabve gibi pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkede onlarca alanda maden i\u015fletmecili\u011fi yapan \u00c7in bak\u0131r, kobalt ve lityum madenlerine de yo\u011fun \u015fekilde yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131yor. D\u00fcnya kobalt ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 70\u2019inin temin edildi\u011fi Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti, lityum ile bu yeni g\u00fczergah\u0131 daha da cazip hale getiriyor. B\u00f6ylece k\u0131tan\u0131n gelece\u011finde ezber bozan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerin ya\u015fanaca\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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YEN\u0130 YATIRIMLAR<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Di\u011fer yandan Zambiya, bak\u0131r madenine artan talebin fark\u0131nda olarak 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar yapaca\u011f\u0131 yeni yat\u0131r\u0131mlarla 3 milyon ton \u00fcretime ula\u015fmay\u0131 hedefliyor. Zambiya, kom\u015fusu Kongo ile elektrikli ara\u00e7lar\u0131n bataryalar\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli kobalt ve lityum yan\u0131nda bak\u0131r konusunda da s\u0131k\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011fine girdi. Kongolu Sanayi Bakan\u0131 Julien Paulu Kahongya, 2023 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki bir a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda bu madenlerden 2035-2040 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 7 trilyon dolarl\u0131k geliri yakalayabilmek i\u00e7in toplamda 30 milyar dolarl\u0131k yat\u0131r\u0131ma ihtiya\u00e7 duyduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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NE BEKLEN\u0130YOR?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Afrika\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcney ucundaki 10 \u00fclkenin ana ba\u011f\u0131 olma potansiyeline sahip Lobito Koridoru\u2019nun in\u015faat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ge\u00e7en y\u0131l yava\u015flam\u0131\u015f olsa da herkes projenin tamamlanmas\u0131n\u0131 bekliyor. B\u00f6lgedeki ticaretin arzu edilen seviyeye ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki engeller de bu koridor sayesinde kalkacak. Bu geli\u015fme, kom\u015fu \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fme \u00e7abalar\u0131na da kuvvet kazand\u0131racak.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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HANG\u0130 \u00dcLKEN\u0130N NE KADAR BAKIR REZERV\u0130 VAR?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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\u015eili, 200 milyon ton tahmin edilen bak\u0131r madeniyle pastada y\u00fczde 23 paya sahip. \u0130kinci s\u0131radaki Avustralya\u2019n\u0131n pay\u0131 ise y\u00fczde 11. Peru y\u00fczde 9, Rusya y\u00fczde 7. Meksika y\u00fczde 6, ABD y\u00fczde 5\u2019lik paya sahip. Bak\u0131r rezervinde Polonya ve Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin y\u00fczde 4\u2019er paya sahip oldu\u011fu hesaplan\u0131yor. \u00c7in ve Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fczde 3\u2019er, Zambiya ve Kazakistan\u2019\u0131n y\u00fczde 2\u2019\u015fer, Kanada\u2019n\u0131n ise y\u00fczde 1 oran\u0131nda rezervi var. Bunlar\u0131n toplam\u0131 y\u00fczde 79. Geri kalan y\u00fczde 21\u2019lik oran, 117 \u00fclkeye ait. Afrika\u2019daki takribi oran ise y\u00fczde 6\u2019y\u0131 ge\u00e7iyor. Bu arada hurda bak\u0131r da \u00f6nemli bir kaynak. Bak\u0131r madeni, di\u011fer metallere g\u00f6re geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcrecinde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir kayba u\u011framad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u00fcresel bak\u0131r \u00fcretiminin y\u00fczde 30\u2019u tekrar kullan\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p>

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KANADA NEDEN \u00d6NE \u00c7IKIYOR?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Bak\u0131r madeni konusunda dikkat \u00e7eken \u00fclkelerden biri Kanada. Bu \u00fclke, d\u00fcnya bak\u0131r rezervinin y\u00fczde 1\u2019ine sahip oldu\u011fu halde \u00fcretim, ihracat ve ithalat\u0131yla ad\u0131ndan s\u00f6z ettiriyor. Kanada, ihra\u00e7 ve ithal etti\u011fi bak\u0131r madeni ile d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00f6nde gelen \u00fclkesi. \u00dclkenin, 2021 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki bak\u0131r ticareti 15 milyar dolar seviyesindeydi ve bunun 9.9 milyar dolar\u0131 ihracatt\u0131. Kanada, bak\u0131r ihracat\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 50\u2019sini ABD\u2019ye, y\u00fczde 15\u2019ini \u00c7in\u2019e ve y\u00fczde 12\u2019sini Japonya\u2019ya yap\u0131yor. Kanada, 2020\u2019de 455 bin ton bak\u0131r ihracat\u0131 yapt\u0131. Kanada bak\u0131r ithalat\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 56\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 ABD\u2019den, y\u00fczde 16\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 \u015eili\u2019den, y\u00fczde 5\u2019ini Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti\u2019nden ve y\u00fczde 4\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc \u00c7in\u2019den yap\u0131yor. Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti\u2019ndeki Kamao-Kakula maden sahas\u0131n\u0131 2021\u2019de faaliyete ge\u00e7irip i\u015fleten Ivanhor Mines \u015firketi Kanadal\u0131. \u015eirket, \u00c7inli orta\u011f\u0131 Zijin Mining ile y\u00fczde 39.6\u2019l\u0131k e\u015fit hisseyle buraya b\u00fcy\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131m yapt\u0131. Kongo h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin pay\u0131 ise y\u00fczde 20. Ayr\u0131ca Cristal River Global Limited\u2019in y\u00fczde 0.8 hissesi bulunuyor. Bug\u00fcnlerde bu madendeki \u00fcretim miktar\u0131 y\u00fczde 18 art\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise 393 bin ton konsantre bak\u0131r \u00fcretimi yap\u0131ld\u0131. Maden, tam kapasiteyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda y\u0131ll\u0131k 800 bin ton \u00fcretim ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilecek.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","slug":"koca-kitaya-kirmizi-koridor0502","tags":null,"meta_title":null,"meta_description":null,"meta_keywords":null,"news_cover_min":"\/front\/uploads\/blog\/thumbnail\/17070804002N3Cu98kUmAJCw7.webp","news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"view_count":9463,"cropped_1200x675":null,"user":{"id":30,"name":"AHMET","surname":"KAVAS","email":"prof-dr-ahmet-kavas@gmail.com","slug":"prof-dr-ahmet-kavas","avatar":"\/front\/uploads\/avatar\/17336916002RXDhDXyMw3kEXW.webp","status":1,"role":1,"email_verified_at":null,"orde":null,"created_at":"2022-10-24T11:09:13.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-18T09:44:44.000000Z","seo_title":null,"seo_description":null},"translations":[{"id":48483,"is_featured":0,"is_amp":0,"is_ads":0,"ads_link":null,"post_id":48357,"locale":"tr","category_id":73,"title":"Koca k\u0131taya k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 koridor","home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"subtitleuse":0,"description":"PROF. DR. AHMET KAVAS","content":"

K\u00fcresel bak\u0131r madeni rezervinde alt s\u0131ralarda olsa da elektrikli otomobillerde kullan\u0131lan kobalt ve lityumca zengin olan Afrika\u2019da yeni bir ticaret yolu a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor. K\u0131tan\u0131n bat\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015flay\u0131p do\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na ula\u015facak Lobito Koridoru, 5 kat daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ula\u015f\u0131mla k\u0131ta \u00fclkelerinin gelece\u011fini de\u011fi\u015ftirecek. Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkeler de bu koridor sayesinde Afrika\u2019dan kritik mineral tedarikini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alacak.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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D\u00fcnya ticaretindeki sanayi ve teknoloji geli\u015firken, tedarikte istikrar \u00f6nemini art\u0131r\u0131yor. Bu geli\u015fmeler, yeni ticaret a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor. Bunlardan biri de madenler ve \u00f6zellikle bak\u0131r ticaretiyle ilgili. Bat\u0131 Afrika k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndan ba\u015flay\u0131p k\u0131tan\u0131n ortas\u0131ndan do\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na ula\u015facak bir hat (Lobito Koridoru) kuruluyor. Bu hat, b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda bak\u0131r madeninin ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131yla ilgili. Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkeler\u00a0<\/span>Lobito Koridoru sayesinde Afrika \u00fclkelerinden temin ettikleri kritik minerallerin gelece\u011fini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almay\u0131 hedefliyor. Her ne kadar tahmin edilen bak\u0131r rezervinin \u00e7o\u011fu \u015eili ve Avustralya\u2019da olsa da Afrika \u00fclkelerindeki potansiyel, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fclkelerin dikkatini \u00e7ekiyor. Halen tespit edilen bak\u0131r kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n miktar\u0131 880 milyon ton civar\u0131nda. \u015eimdilerde bu alanda \u00f6zellikle iki Afrika \u00fclkesi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Bunlar Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti ve Zambiya. Ayr\u0131ca daha az da olsa Botswana, G\u00fcney Afrika Cumhuriyeti, Fas ve Eritre de di\u011fer \u00fcretici \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

TALEP ARTIYOR<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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K\u00fcresel b\u00fcy\u00fcme, bak\u0131ra olan talebi art\u0131r\u0131yor. 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda 15 milyon 100 bin tonluk talep, 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda 22 milyon tona y\u00fckseldi. Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin rezervi 19 milyon ton, Zambiya\u2019n\u0131n ise 21 milyon ton olarak hesap ediliyor. Bunlar d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir y\u0131ll\u0131k t\u00fcketimine e\u015fit g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de yeni maden yataklar\u0131n\u0131n tespitiyle bu tahminlerin \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131k\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/span><\/p>

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1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda bile bak\u0131r madencili\u011fi dendi\u011finde hem d\u00fcnyada hem de Afrika\u2019da ilk akla gelen \u00fclke Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti idi. Hatta s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik d\u00f6neminde Bel\u00e7ika taraf\u0131ndan bu \u00fclkedeki en \u00f6nemli menfaat alan\u0131n\u0131n bak\u0131r madenleri oldu\u011fu biliniyordu. Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti ve Zambiya\u2019n\u0131n bak\u0131r \u00fcretiminde Afrika\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fc \u00fclkeleri olmalar\u0131, her iki kom\u015fu \u00fclkeyi, bak\u0131r, kobalt ve lityum alanlar\u0131nda da birlikte hareket etmeye sevk ediyor. \u00d6zellikle bu madenlerin bulunduklar\u0131 yerlerden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n zorlu\u011fu yan\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 pazarlardaki al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131na k\u0131sa zamanda ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 gerekiyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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EN B\u00dcY\u00dcK \u0130\u015eLETMEC\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Kamoa-Kakula madeniyle Afrika\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck bak\u0131r madeni i\u015fletmecisi olan Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck maden b\u00f6lgesine sahip. Tesiste bu y\u0131l \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc konsantrat\u00f6r devreye al\u0131narak \u00fcretim miktar\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131lacak. Bu arada Angola, Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti, G\u00fcney Afrika Cumhuriyeti, Mozambik ve Tanzanya aras\u0131nda karayollar\u0131 ve demiryollar\u0131 a\u011flar\u0131 ile farkl\u0131 ihra\u00e7 \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ya da ithal mallar ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131yor. Nakliye denilince de ge\u00e7en y\u0131l Afrika\u2019da ad\u0131ndan en \u00e7ok s\u00f6z ettiren projelerden biri Lobito Atlantik Demiryolu Koridoru (Lobito Koridoru) oldu. Projenin tamamlanmas\u0131 halinde Angola\u2019n\u0131n Atlas Okyanusu sahilindeki Lobito Liman\u0131\u2019ndan do\u011fuya do\u011fru uzanan demiryolu \u00f6nce Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne, oradan da Zambiya\u2019ya ula\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra Tanzanya\u2019ya ge\u00e7ip Hint Okyanusu sahilindeki eski ba\u015fkent Dar\u00fcsselam \u015fehrine ula\u015facak.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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\u00c7\u0130N F\u0130NANSE ED\u0130YOR<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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\u00c7in taraf\u0131ndan finanse edilmeye ba\u015flanan bu proje tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 4 bin kilometrelik bir demiryolu a\u011f\u0131, 5 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde kurulacak. Bu koridorun a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte Afrika\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcney b\u00f6lgesi \u00fclkelerinde yat\u0131r\u0131mlar ve ticaret artacak.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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25 G\u00dcN YER\u0130NE 8 G\u00dcN<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Kanadal\u0131 Ivanhoe Mines \u015firketi, 23 Aral\u0131k 2023\u2019te Kamoa-Kakula madeninde \u00fcretti\u011fi 10 bin tonluk bak\u0131r konsantresinin ilk k\u0131sm\u0131 olan bin 110 tonunu, 31 Aral\u0131k\u2019ta demiryoluyla Lobito Liman\u0131\u2019na ula\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu. B\u00f6ylece 8 g\u00fcn gibi en k\u0131sa k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ta\u015f\u0131ma ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f oldu. Y\u00fck kamyonlar\u0131 bu madenden kalk\u0131p G\u00fcney Afrika Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin sahildeki Durban \u015fehrine gitse yakla\u015f\u0131k 25 g\u00fcn s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Lobito Koridoru yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ift y\u00f6nde 40-50 g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcre kayb\u0131 ortadan kalkacak. Ayr\u0131ca enerji kayb\u0131, ikmal giderleri ve karbon ayak izi de azalacak. Lobito Koridoru\u2019ndan demiryolu ile ba\u015flat\u0131lan bu ilk sevkiyat sonras\u0131 Ivanhoe Mines yetkilileri, Afrika\u2019n\u0131n bak\u0131r ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fcresel pazarlara ba\u011flayan yeni bir tedarik zinciri olu\u015fturman\u0131n gelecek i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hamle oldu\u011funu belirtiyor. Bu hat, Afrika\u2019n\u0131n ikinci bak\u0131r \u00fcreticisi Zambiya i\u00e7in de hayati \u00f6neme sahip. Bu projenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi, ABD ve AB\u2019nin ilgisini hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor. Zaten Avrupa Birli\u011fi, Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti, Angola ve Zambiya kritik madenlerin tedariki i\u00e7in gerekli ortakl\u0131k anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131. Bunun taraflar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ABD, Afrika Kalk\u0131nma Bankas\u0131 ve Afrika Finans Kurumu da yer al\u0131yor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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KOBALT VE L\u0130TYUM<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Maliyeti 1.6 milyar dolara ula\u015fmas\u0131 beklenen devasa projenin finans\u00f6r\u00fc \u00c7in olsa da bu \u00fclkeye a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 bekleniyor. Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti, Mali, Zambiya ve Zimbabve gibi pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkede onlarca alanda maden i\u015fletmecili\u011fi yapan \u00c7in bak\u0131r, kobalt ve lityum madenlerine de yo\u011fun \u015fekilde yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131yor. D\u00fcnya kobalt ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 70\u2019inin temin edildi\u011fi Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti, lityum ile bu yeni g\u00fczergah\u0131 daha da cazip hale getiriyor. B\u00f6ylece k\u0131tan\u0131n gelece\u011finde ezber bozan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerin ya\u015fanaca\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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YEN\u0130 YATIRIMLAR<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Di\u011fer yandan Zambiya, bak\u0131r madenine artan talebin fark\u0131nda olarak 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar yapaca\u011f\u0131 yeni yat\u0131r\u0131mlarla 3 milyon ton \u00fcretime ula\u015fmay\u0131 hedefliyor. Zambiya, kom\u015fusu Kongo ile elektrikli ara\u00e7lar\u0131n bataryalar\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli kobalt ve lityum yan\u0131nda bak\u0131r konusunda da s\u0131k\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011fine girdi. Kongolu Sanayi Bakan\u0131 Julien Paulu Kahongya, 2023 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki bir a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda bu madenlerden 2035-2040 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 7 trilyon dolarl\u0131k geliri yakalayabilmek i\u00e7in toplamda 30 milyar dolarl\u0131k yat\u0131r\u0131ma ihtiya\u00e7 duyduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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NE BEKLEN\u0130YOR?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Afrika\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcney ucundaki 10 \u00fclkenin ana ba\u011f\u0131 olma potansiyeline sahip Lobito Koridoru\u2019nun in\u015faat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ge\u00e7en y\u0131l yava\u015flam\u0131\u015f olsa da herkes projenin tamamlanmas\u0131n\u0131 bekliyor. B\u00f6lgedeki ticaretin arzu edilen seviyeye ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki engeller de bu koridor sayesinde kalkacak. Bu geli\u015fme, kom\u015fu \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fme \u00e7abalar\u0131na da kuvvet kazand\u0131racak.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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HANG\u0130 \u00dcLKEN\u0130N NE KADAR BAKIR REZERV\u0130 VAR?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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\u015eili, 200 milyon ton tahmin edilen bak\u0131r madeniyle pastada y\u00fczde 23 paya sahip. \u0130kinci s\u0131radaki Avustralya\u2019n\u0131n pay\u0131 ise y\u00fczde 11. Peru y\u00fczde 9, Rusya y\u00fczde 7. Meksika y\u00fczde 6, ABD y\u00fczde 5\u2019lik paya sahip. Bak\u0131r rezervinde Polonya ve Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin y\u00fczde 4\u2019er paya sahip oldu\u011fu hesaplan\u0131yor. \u00c7in ve Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fczde 3\u2019er, Zambiya ve Kazakistan\u2019\u0131n y\u00fczde 2\u2019\u015fer, Kanada\u2019n\u0131n ise y\u00fczde 1 oran\u0131nda rezervi var. Bunlar\u0131n toplam\u0131 y\u00fczde 79. Geri kalan y\u00fczde 21\u2019lik oran, 117 \u00fclkeye ait. Afrika\u2019daki takribi oran ise y\u00fczde 6\u2019y\u0131 ge\u00e7iyor. Bu arada hurda bak\u0131r da \u00f6nemli bir kaynak. Bak\u0131r madeni, di\u011fer metallere g\u00f6re geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcrecinde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir kayba u\u011framad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u00fcresel bak\u0131r \u00fcretiminin y\u00fczde 30\u2019u tekrar kullan\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p>

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KANADA NEDEN \u00d6NE \u00c7IKIYOR?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Bak\u0131r madeni konusunda dikkat \u00e7eken \u00fclkelerden biri Kanada. Bu \u00fclke, d\u00fcnya bak\u0131r rezervinin y\u00fczde 1\u2019ine sahip oldu\u011fu halde \u00fcretim, ihracat ve ithalat\u0131yla ad\u0131ndan s\u00f6z ettiriyor. Kanada, ihra\u00e7 ve ithal etti\u011fi bak\u0131r madeni ile d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00f6nde gelen \u00fclkesi. \u00dclkenin, 2021 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki bak\u0131r ticareti 15 milyar dolar seviyesindeydi ve bunun 9.9 milyar dolar\u0131 ihracatt\u0131. Kanada, bak\u0131r ihracat\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 50\u2019sini ABD\u2019ye, y\u00fczde 15\u2019ini \u00c7in\u2019e ve y\u00fczde 12\u2019sini Japonya\u2019ya yap\u0131yor. Kanada, 2020\u2019de 455 bin ton bak\u0131r ihracat\u0131 yapt\u0131. Kanada bak\u0131r ithalat\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 56\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 ABD\u2019den, y\u00fczde 16\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 \u015eili\u2019den, y\u00fczde 5\u2019ini Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti\u2019nden ve y\u00fczde 4\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc \u00c7in\u2019den yap\u0131yor. Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti\u2019ndeki Kamao-Kakula maden sahas\u0131n\u0131 2021\u2019de faaliyete ge\u00e7irip i\u015fleten Ivanhor Mines \u015firketi Kanadal\u0131. \u015eirket, \u00c7inli orta\u011f\u0131 Zijin Mining ile y\u00fczde 39.6\u2019l\u0131k e\u015fit hisseyle buraya b\u00fcy\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131m yapt\u0131. Kongo h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin pay\u0131 ise y\u00fczde 20. Ayr\u0131ca Cristal River Global Limited\u2019in y\u00fczde 0.8 hissesi bulunuyor. Bug\u00fcnlerde bu madendeki \u00fcretim miktar\u0131 y\u00fczde 18 art\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise 393 bin ton konsantre bak\u0131r \u00fcretimi yap\u0131ld\u0131. Maden, tam kapasiteyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda y\u0131ll\u0131k 800 bin ton \u00fcretim ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilecek.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","slug":"koca-kitaya-kirmizi-koridor0502","orjinalimage":"\/front\/uploads\/blog\/thumbnail\/17070804002N3Cu98kUmAJCw7.webp","news_cover_min":"\/front\/uploads\/blog\/thumbnail\/17070804002N3Cu98kUmAJCw7.webp","news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"cropped_638x552":null,"cropped_310x208":null,"cropped_416x247":null,"cropped_197x247":null,"cropped_416x600":null,"cropped_1200x675":null,"tags":null,"meta_title":null,"meta_description":null,"meta_keywords":null,"view_count":9463,"yt":0,"ytid":"","ytimage":null,"imgdate":"2000-01-01 00:00:00","cuff_cover":null,"cropped_358x214":null,"cropped_842x474":null}]}}