{"status":true,"post":{"id":22803,"user_id":5,"status":1,"type":1,"orde":null,"notification_type":3,"static_post":0,"published_at":"2022-10-24 14:21:01","created_at":"2020-08-27T21:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-10-24T11:21:01.000000Z","edited_at":"2024-12-17 22:35:21","source_id":null,"post_id":22803,"is_featured":0,"title":"\u0130bn Haldun\u2019un Mukaddime\u2019sinde h\u00e2ciplik","slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"category_id":73,"description":null,"content":" \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t

PROF. DR. AHMET EMRE B\u0130LG\u0130L\u0130<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Bizim halk\u0131m\u0131z bu kavram\u0131 daha \u00e7ok T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n en eski eserlerinden Kutadgu Bilig\u2019in m\u00fcellifi olan Y\u00fbsuf Has H\u00e2cib isminden hat\u0131rlar. Karahanl\u0131lar\u2019\u0131n Hakan\u0131, \u015fairin kudretini takdir ederek kendisine \u2018g\u00f6revlerin en incesi olan\u2019has h\u00e2ciblikmans\u0131b\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir ve h\u00e2cib; idare edenin idare edilenlerle m\u00fcnasebetlerini d\u00fczenleyen g\u00f6revlidir. S\u00f6zl\u00fck anlam\u0131 ise \u2018araya girmek, mani olmak, birinin bir yere girmesini engellemek; \u00f6rtmek, gizlemek\u2019 olanhacbmasdar\u0131ndan t\u00fcretilmi\u015f ve \u2018bir ki\u015finin bir yere girmesine engel olan kimse\u2019 demektir.<\/span>
<\/span>
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn hem b\u00fcrokraside hem de \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde\u00f6zel kalemdedi\u011fimiz g\u00f6revin tarihi \u00fczerine \u00e7ok yaz\u0131l\u0131p \u00e7izilmi\u015ftir. Tarihte b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde m\u00fclkle yani devletle ili\u015fkilendirilen bu g\u00f6revi \u0130bn Haldun\u2019un Mukaddime\u2019sinden, S\u00fcleyman Uluda\u011f \u00e7evirisinden ve onun da notlar\u0131ndan yararlanarak yazmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rsak, san\u0131r\u0131z bir orijinallik ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/span>
<\/span>
Mukaddime\u2019de bu konuda be\u015f sayfal\u0131k bir de\u011ferlendirme yer al\u0131r. \u0130bn Hald\u00fbn\u2019un da bizatihi h\u00e2ciblik anlam\u0131na gelen g\u00f6revler yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinir. Y\u00f6netime dair g\u00f6zlemlerinin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi de asl\u0131nda bu t\u00fcr tecr\u00fcbelerinden kaynaklan\u0131r. \u0130bn Haldun\u2019un konu ile ilgili olarak Mukaddime\u2019ye de \u00e7ok uyan ilk tespiti;bedeviliktebu t\u00fcr bir makam\u0131n dolay\u0131s\u0131yla unvan\u0131n olmayaca\u011f\u0131, ancakhadariliktem\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilece\u011fidir. Zira profesyonel g\u00f6revler daha \u00e7ok yerle\u015fik d\u00fczen olan \u015fehir hayat\u0131 ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Asl\u0131nda bu g\u00f6rev k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck farkl\u0131l\u0131klarla irili ufakl\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fclk (devlet) sahiplerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc i\u015fin icras\u0131 bunu zorunlu k\u0131lar.<\/span>
<\/span>
H\u00e2cip, Sultan\u0131n saray\u0131nda bulunan ve onun hususi i\u015flerini ifa eden \u015fah\u0131st\u0131r. Sultan, h\u00e2cib-i haslara ayn\u0131 zamanda el\u00e7ilik vazifesi de vermekte idi. B\u00fct\u00fcn h\u00e2ciblerin \u00e2mirine ba\u015fhacip anlam\u0131ndah\u00e2cib\u00fc\u2019l-h\u00fccc\u00e2bdenmektedir.<\/span>
<\/span>
B\u00dcY\u00dcME VE YIKILI\u015e D\u00d6NEMLER\u0130NDE ETK\u0130L\u0130<\/strong><\/span>
<\/span>
H\u00e2cibin temel vazifeleri ise; g\u00f6revlileri ve ziyaret\u00e7ileri h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n huzuruna \u00e7\u0131karmak, mevkilerinin protokole uygunlu\u011funu temin etmek, merasimleri d\u00fczenlemek, re\u00e2y\u00e2n\u0131n dileklerini h\u00fck\u00fcmdara iletmek, el\u00e7ileri huzura \u00e7\u0131karmak ve u\u011furlamak, hediyeleri el\u00e7ilerden alarak takdim etmek, Sultan\u0131n \u015fifah\u00ee emirlerini vezire tebli\u011f etmek \u015feklinde \u00f6zetlenebilir.<\/span>
<\/span>
\u00c7evirisini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Mukaddime\u2019nin bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne not d\u00fc\u015fen S\u00fcleyman Uluda\u011f, g\u00f6revin hem faydalar\u0131na hem de tehlikelerine i\u015faret eder. Ona g\u00f6re h\u00e2ciplik; m\u00e2beyincilik, kap\u0131 muhaf\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, vezirlik, k\u00e2hya, vekil-i har\u00e7, saray naz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi manalarda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Devlet b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman bir taraftan herkesle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmenin zorluklar\u0131, di\u011fer taraftan emniyet m\u00fclahazalar\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n h\u00e2cip ve mabeyinciler tayin etmelerine sebep olur. Bu ise h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 h\u00e2cibin g\u00f6rev anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak halk\u0131ndan ay\u0131r\u0131r, halk\u0131n m\u00fcrakabesinden uzak tutar hale getirebilir. H\u00fck\u00fcmdar ile halk\u0131 aras\u0131na bir\u00e7ok vas\u0131ta girdi\u011finden h\u00fck\u00fcmdar halk\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131yamaz, tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 insanlar\u0131 idare edemez hale gelir. Bu nedenle h\u00e2ciplik devletlerin kurulu\u015f ve geli\u015fme d\u00f6nemlerinde de\u011fil, b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f d\u00f6nemlerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar ve etkili olur. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin kurulu\u015f d\u00f6nemi ile Kanuni d\u00f6nemi mukayese edildi\u011finde bu durum a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/span>
<\/span>
H\u00c2C\u0130PLER \u0130\u00c7\u0130N B\u00dcY\u00dcK N\u00dcFUZ <\/strong><\/span>
<\/span>
Emniyet m\u00fclahazas\u0131 ve devlet i\u015fleri \u00fczerinde rahat bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131 koruyan ve onlar\u0131n halkla m\u00fcnasebetlerini d\u00fczenleyen \u015fah\u0131slara elbette ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Ancak bunun \u015fartlar ve zaruretlerle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve asgari derecede olmas\u0131 icabeder. Aksi durumda devlet ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 halktan yani tebaadan kopmu\u015f olurlar. Bunun tehlikelerine de tarihte i\u015faret edilmi\u015ftir. Zira bu makam h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n en mahrem s\u0131rlar\u0131na v\u00e2k\u0131f olmalar\u0131n\u0131 getiren h\u00e2ciblere b\u00fcy\u00fck bir n\u00fcfuz kazand\u0131r\u0131yordu. Bunu k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanmak her zaman i\u00e7in m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fc ve h\u00fck\u00fcmdar i\u00e7in as\u0131l tehlike bu idi.<\/span>
<\/span>
Bu konuda en \u00fcnl\u00fc h\u00e2cib olan Y\u00fbsuf Has H\u00e2cib, h\u00e2cibin h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n ve b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkenin kendisine g\u00fcvenebilece\u011fi, halk\u0131n duas\u0131n\u0131 alacak soyu temiz ve iyi ahl\u00e2kl\u0131 bir kimse olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. Rivayet edilir ki, ya\u015fl\u0131 bir kad\u0131n, Niz\u00e2m\u00fclm\u00fclk\u2019e verilmek \u00fczere elinde bir pusula ile h\u00e2cibin huzuruna gelmi\u015f, ancak h\u00e2cib pusulay\u0131 vezire vermemi\u015fti. Durumdan haberdar olan Niz\u00e2m\u00fclm\u00fclk h\u00e2cibine, kendisini s\u0131rf huzuruna gelemeyen zay\u0131f ve ihtiyar kimselere hizmet i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirdi\u011fini, bunlar\u0131n isteklerini yerine getirmedi\u011fi takdirde kendisine ihtiyac\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek onu azarlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/span>
<\/span>
Mukaddimede, idare eden ile edilenler aras\u0131nda p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz bir ileti\u015fimin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, m\u00fclk\u00fcn yani devletin devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u00f6nemli hususlardan biri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p> \t\t\t\t","slug":"ibn-haldunun-mukaddimesinde-haciplik","tags":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","meta_title":"\u0130bn Haldun\u2019un Mukaddime\u2019sinde h\u00e2ciplik","meta_description":"PROF. DR. AHMET EMRE B\u0130LG\u0130L\u0130","meta_keywords":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","news_cover_min":null,"news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"view_count":1069,"cropped_1200x675":null,"user":{"id":5,"name":"AHMET EMRE","surname":"B\u0130LG\u0130L\u0130","email":"mcetiner@menemencioglu.net","slug":"prof-dr-ahmet-emre-bilgili","avatar":"\/front\/uploads\/avatar\/173369160076ryfup3NGA3Op4.webp","status":1,"role":1,"email_verified_at":null,"orde":null,"created_at":"2022-09-15T09:39:41.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-18T10:21:44.000000Z","seo_title":null,"seo_description":null},"translations":[{"id":22902,"is_featured":0,"is_amp":0,"is_ads":0,"ads_link":null,"post_id":22803,"locale":"tr","category_id":73,"title":"\u0130bn Haldun\u2019un Mukaddime\u2019sinde h\u00e2ciplik","home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"subtitleuse":0,"description":null,"content":" \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t

PROF. DR. AHMET EMRE B\u0130LG\u0130L\u0130<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Bizim halk\u0131m\u0131z bu kavram\u0131 daha \u00e7ok T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n en eski eserlerinden Kutadgu Bilig\u2019in m\u00fcellifi olan Y\u00fbsuf Has H\u00e2cib isminden hat\u0131rlar. Karahanl\u0131lar\u2019\u0131n Hakan\u0131, \u015fairin kudretini takdir ederek kendisine \u2018g\u00f6revlerin en incesi olan\u2019has h\u00e2ciblikmans\u0131b\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir ve h\u00e2cib; idare edenin idare edilenlerle m\u00fcnasebetlerini d\u00fczenleyen g\u00f6revlidir. S\u00f6zl\u00fck anlam\u0131 ise \u2018araya girmek, mani olmak, birinin bir yere girmesini engellemek; \u00f6rtmek, gizlemek\u2019 olanhacbmasdar\u0131ndan t\u00fcretilmi\u015f ve \u2018bir ki\u015finin bir yere girmesine engel olan kimse\u2019 demektir.<\/span>
<\/span>
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn hem b\u00fcrokraside hem de \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde\u00f6zel kalemdedi\u011fimiz g\u00f6revin tarihi \u00fczerine \u00e7ok yaz\u0131l\u0131p \u00e7izilmi\u015ftir. Tarihte b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde m\u00fclkle yani devletle ili\u015fkilendirilen bu g\u00f6revi \u0130bn Haldun\u2019un Mukaddime\u2019sinden, S\u00fcleyman Uluda\u011f \u00e7evirisinden ve onun da notlar\u0131ndan yararlanarak yazmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rsak, san\u0131r\u0131z bir orijinallik ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/span>
<\/span>
Mukaddime\u2019de bu konuda be\u015f sayfal\u0131k bir de\u011ferlendirme yer al\u0131r. \u0130bn Hald\u00fbn\u2019un da bizatihi h\u00e2ciblik anlam\u0131na gelen g\u00f6revler yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinir. Y\u00f6netime dair g\u00f6zlemlerinin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi de asl\u0131nda bu t\u00fcr tecr\u00fcbelerinden kaynaklan\u0131r. \u0130bn Haldun\u2019un konu ile ilgili olarak Mukaddime\u2019ye de \u00e7ok uyan ilk tespiti;bedeviliktebu t\u00fcr bir makam\u0131n dolay\u0131s\u0131yla unvan\u0131n olmayaca\u011f\u0131, ancakhadariliktem\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilece\u011fidir. Zira profesyonel g\u00f6revler daha \u00e7ok yerle\u015fik d\u00fczen olan \u015fehir hayat\u0131 ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Asl\u0131nda bu g\u00f6rev k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck farkl\u0131l\u0131klarla irili ufakl\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fclk (devlet) sahiplerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc i\u015fin icras\u0131 bunu zorunlu k\u0131lar.<\/span>
<\/span>
H\u00e2cip, Sultan\u0131n saray\u0131nda bulunan ve onun hususi i\u015flerini ifa eden \u015fah\u0131st\u0131r. Sultan, h\u00e2cib-i haslara ayn\u0131 zamanda el\u00e7ilik vazifesi de vermekte idi. B\u00fct\u00fcn h\u00e2ciblerin \u00e2mirine ba\u015fhacip anlam\u0131ndah\u00e2cib\u00fc\u2019l-h\u00fccc\u00e2bdenmektedir.<\/span>
<\/span>
B\u00dcY\u00dcME VE YIKILI\u015e D\u00d6NEMLER\u0130NDE ETK\u0130L\u0130<\/strong><\/span>
<\/span>
H\u00e2cibin temel vazifeleri ise; g\u00f6revlileri ve ziyaret\u00e7ileri h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n huzuruna \u00e7\u0131karmak, mevkilerinin protokole uygunlu\u011funu temin etmek, merasimleri d\u00fczenlemek, re\u00e2y\u00e2n\u0131n dileklerini h\u00fck\u00fcmdara iletmek, el\u00e7ileri huzura \u00e7\u0131karmak ve u\u011furlamak, hediyeleri el\u00e7ilerden alarak takdim etmek, Sultan\u0131n \u015fifah\u00ee emirlerini vezire tebli\u011f etmek \u015feklinde \u00f6zetlenebilir.<\/span>
<\/span>
\u00c7evirisini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Mukaddime\u2019nin bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne not d\u00fc\u015fen S\u00fcleyman Uluda\u011f, g\u00f6revin hem faydalar\u0131na hem de tehlikelerine i\u015faret eder. Ona g\u00f6re h\u00e2ciplik; m\u00e2beyincilik, kap\u0131 muhaf\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, vezirlik, k\u00e2hya, vekil-i har\u00e7, saray naz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi manalarda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Devlet b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman bir taraftan herkesle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmenin zorluklar\u0131, di\u011fer taraftan emniyet m\u00fclahazalar\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n h\u00e2cip ve mabeyinciler tayin etmelerine sebep olur. Bu ise h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 h\u00e2cibin g\u00f6rev anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak halk\u0131ndan ay\u0131r\u0131r, halk\u0131n m\u00fcrakabesinden uzak tutar hale getirebilir. H\u00fck\u00fcmdar ile halk\u0131 aras\u0131na bir\u00e7ok vas\u0131ta girdi\u011finden h\u00fck\u00fcmdar halk\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131yamaz, tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 insanlar\u0131 idare edemez hale gelir. Bu nedenle h\u00e2ciplik devletlerin kurulu\u015f ve geli\u015fme d\u00f6nemlerinde de\u011fil, b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f d\u00f6nemlerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar ve etkili olur. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin kurulu\u015f d\u00f6nemi ile Kanuni d\u00f6nemi mukayese edildi\u011finde bu durum a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/span>
<\/span>
H\u00c2C\u0130PLER \u0130\u00c7\u0130N B\u00dcY\u00dcK N\u00dcFUZ <\/strong><\/span>
<\/span>
Emniyet m\u00fclahazas\u0131 ve devlet i\u015fleri \u00fczerinde rahat bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131 koruyan ve onlar\u0131n halkla m\u00fcnasebetlerini d\u00fczenleyen \u015fah\u0131slara elbette ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Ancak bunun \u015fartlar ve zaruretlerle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve asgari derecede olmas\u0131 icabeder. Aksi durumda devlet ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 halktan yani tebaadan kopmu\u015f olurlar. Bunun tehlikelerine de tarihte i\u015faret edilmi\u015ftir. Zira bu makam h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n en mahrem s\u0131rlar\u0131na v\u00e2k\u0131f olmalar\u0131n\u0131 getiren h\u00e2ciblere b\u00fcy\u00fck bir n\u00fcfuz kazand\u0131r\u0131yordu. Bunu k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanmak her zaman i\u00e7in m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fc ve h\u00fck\u00fcmdar i\u00e7in as\u0131l tehlike bu idi.<\/span>
<\/span>
Bu konuda en \u00fcnl\u00fc h\u00e2cib olan Y\u00fbsuf Has H\u00e2cib, h\u00e2cibin h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n ve b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkenin kendisine g\u00fcvenebilece\u011fi, halk\u0131n duas\u0131n\u0131 alacak soyu temiz ve iyi ahl\u00e2kl\u0131 bir kimse olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. Rivayet edilir ki, ya\u015fl\u0131 bir kad\u0131n, Niz\u00e2m\u00fclm\u00fclk\u2019e verilmek \u00fczere elinde bir pusula ile h\u00e2cibin huzuruna gelmi\u015f, ancak h\u00e2cib pusulay\u0131 vezire vermemi\u015fti. Durumdan haberdar olan Niz\u00e2m\u00fclm\u00fclk h\u00e2cibine, kendisini s\u0131rf huzuruna gelemeyen zay\u0131f ve ihtiyar kimselere hizmet i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirdi\u011fini, bunlar\u0131n isteklerini yerine getirmedi\u011fi takdirde kendisine ihtiyac\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek onu azarlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/span>
<\/span>
Mukaddimede, idare eden ile edilenler aras\u0131nda p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz bir ileti\u015fimin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, m\u00fclk\u00fcn yani devletin devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u00f6nemli hususlardan biri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p> \t\t\t\t","slug":"ibn-haldunun-mukaddimesinde-haciplik","orjinalimage":null,"news_cover_min":null,"news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"cropped_638x552":null,"cropped_310x208":null,"cropped_416x247":null,"cropped_197x247":null,"cropped_416x600":null,"cropped_1200x675":null,"tags":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","meta_title":"\u0130bn Haldun\u2019un Mukaddime\u2019sinde h\u00e2ciplik","meta_description":"PROF. DR. AHMET EMRE B\u0130LG\u0130L\u0130","meta_keywords":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","view_count":1069,"yt":0,"ytid":"","ytimage":null,"imgdate":"2000-01-01 00:00:00","cuff_cover":null,"cropped_358x214":null,"cropped_842x474":null}]}}