{"status":true,"post":{"id":30611,"user_id":2,"status":1,"type":1,"orde":null,"notification_type":3,"static_post":0,"published_at":"2022-10-24 16:34:32","created_at":"2022-01-13T21:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-10-24T13:34:32.000000Z","edited_at":"2024-12-17 22:35:21","source_id":null,"post_id":30611,"is_featured":0,"title":"\u00c7in\u2019de i\u015f\u00e7i \u00fccretlerinin d\u00fcn\u00fc ve bug\u00fcn\u00fc","slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"category_id":73,"description":null,"content":" \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t

FAT\u0130H OKTAY<\/strong><\/span>
<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz kurlar\u0131yla (Bir TL, yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131m Yuan) bug\u00fcn Shanghai\u2019da asgari \u00fccret, i\u015fverene maliyet olarak 9 bin T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131yor. \u00c7in\u2019de, hemen her konuda oldu\u011fu gibi asgari \u00fccretler yerel ko\u015fullara g\u00f6re yerel olarak belirleniyor. Shanghai, asgari \u00fccretin en y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu y\u00f6re; ekonomik olarak daha az geli\u015fkin daha k\u0131rsal y\u00f6relerde asgari \u00fccret bu kenttekinin yar\u0131s\u0131na kadar d\u00fc\u015febiliyor. Ancak \u00fclkedeki ekonomik faaliyetlerin odakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fck\u00e7e \u015fehirlerde asgari \u00fccretler, i\u015fverene maliyet olarak genellikle art\u0131k T\u00fcrkiye\u2019dekini a\u015f\u0131yor. Burada \u2018i\u015fverene maliyet olarak\u2019 diye vurguluyoruz; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc br\u00fct asgari \u00fccret \u015fu an itibar\u0131 ile Shanghai ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de hemen hemen ayn\u0131; i\u015fveren sosyal g\u00fcvenlik katk\u0131 pay\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretlerde oran olarak y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 nedeniyle i\u015fverene maliyet olarak Shanghai epey yukar\u0131da kal\u0131yor. <\/span>
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G\u00d6\u00c7MEN \u0130\u015e\u00c7\u0130LER<\/strong><\/span>
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\u00c7in\u2019de en dezavantajl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kesimini, k\u0131rsal y\u00f6relerden gelip kentlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar olu\u015fturuyor. Bu insanlar kentlerde kentlilerin yapmay\u0131 istemedi\u011fi i\u015fleri, genellikle kentlilerden daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretlerle yap\u0131yorlar. \u00c7in\u2019in fabrikalar\u0131nda, in\u015faatlar\u0131nda, lokantalar\u0131nda, sokaklar\u0131n\u0131n temizli\u011finde genellikle bu insanlar \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor ve bu kesimde sosyal g\u00fcvenliksiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olduk\u00e7a yayg\u0131n. <\/span>
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Bu durumda bu kesimin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetli i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc olu\u015fturdu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir ama pek \u00f6yle de\u011fil. \u00c7in Ulusal \u0130statistik B\u00fcrosu anketlerine g\u00f6re 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu \u2018g\u00f6\u00e7men\u2019 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ortalama ayl\u0131k net geliri bug\u00fcnk\u00fc kurlarla 8 bin T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131yordu, in\u015faat ve ula\u015ft\u0131rma sekt\u00f6rlerinde bu rakam 10 bin lira dolay\u0131ndayd\u0131. Bunun da g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi \u00c7in\u2019de ortalama \u00fccretlerle asgari \u00fccret aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck fark var; merkezi y\u00f6netim asgari \u00fccretlerin, ortalama \u00fccretlerin y\u00fczde 40 ila 60\u2019\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir d\u00fczeyde belirlenmesini istese de bu sa\u011flanam\u0131yor, ortalama \u00fccretler asgari \u00fccretin \u00e7ok \u00fcst\u00fcnde, \u00f6rne\u011fin Beijing\u2019de be\u015f kat\u0131 d\u00fczeyinde kal\u0131yor. <\/span>
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Durum beyaz yaka i\u015flerde de farkl\u0131 de\u011fil. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir internet tabanl\u0131 i\u015f bulma sitesinin verilerine g\u00f6re \u00fclkede ortalama beyaz yaka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ayl\u0131k \u00fccreti 16 bin T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131 dolay\u0131nda bulunuyor; \u00fccretler Shanghai, Beijing gibi kentlerde ve baz\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerde bu ortalaman\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/span>
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\u00c7in\u2019deki \u00fccretlerin bu durumuna pek de \u015fa\u015fmamak gerekir. Piyasa ekonomisine ilk a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llarda \u00fclkenin ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na geliri y\u0131ll\u0131k 150 dolar dolay\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin onda biri d\u00fczeyindeydi, \u015fimdi ise 10 bin dolar\u0131 a\u015fm\u0131\u015f, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ninkini ge\u00e7mi\u015f bulunuyor.<\/span>
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\u00dcCRET POL\u0130T\u0130KALARI<\/strong><\/span>
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\u00dclkedeki \u00fccretleri \u00fclke geliri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan normal say\u0131lacak d\u00fczeylere getiren, 1990\u2019lar\u0131ndan sonlar\u0131nda ba\u015flayan h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00fccret art\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda devletin \u00fccret politikalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir rol\u00fc bulunuyor. \u00c7in\u2019de asgari \u00fccretlerin belirlenmesi ile ilgili uygulamalar, ilk defa 2004 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki bir d\u00fczenleme ile tan\u0131mland\u0131. \u00dclke y\u00f6netiminin bu tarihten sonraki 5 y\u0131ll\u0131k planlar\u0131 hep asgari \u00fccretlerin h\u0131zla art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik hedefler i\u00e7eriyordu. 2006-2010 y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan 11. Be\u015f Y\u0131ll\u0131k Plan d\u00f6neminde asgari \u00fccretlerin 3 kez, her birinde ortalama y\u00fczde 13 olmak \u00fczere art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Bunu takip eden 12. Be\u015f Y\u0131ll\u0131k Plana g\u00f6re ise 2011-2016 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda asgari \u00fccretlerdeki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n ortalama olarak y\u0131ll\u0131k y\u00fczde 13 d\u00fczeyinde olmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Daha sonraki y\u0131llarda da s\u00fcren bu enflasyonun \u00e7ok \u00fczerindeki art\u0131\u015flar \u00fccretlerin genel olarak artmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131.<\/span>
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\u00dclkede \u00fccretleri art\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik bu politika, \u00fc\u00e7 ama\u00e7 g\u00fcd\u00fcyor. Birinci ama\u00e7, piyasa ekonomisine ge\u00e7i\u015fle beraber b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bozulma g\u00f6stermi\u015f olan gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 e\u015fitsizli\u011finin giderilmesi. \u0130kinci ama\u00e7, ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi daha \u00e7ok i\u00e7 talebe dayand\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00fclkede al\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rmak. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ama\u00e7, \u00fclke ekonomisini ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne dayal\u0131 \u00fcretimden y\u00fcksek katma de\u011ferli \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin \u00fcretimine ge\u00e7i\u015fe zorlamak. Bu elbette sadece zorlamakla olmazd\u0131; beraberinde \u00fcretim, e\u011fitim, teknolojiye b\u00fcy\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. \u0130\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc maliyetlerindeki bu h\u0131zl\u0131 art\u0131\u015fa kar\u015f\u0131n \u00c7in\u2019in ihracat\u0131 azalmad\u0131, h\u0131zla artmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc; \u00c7in, giderek artan oranda y\u00fcksek katma de\u011ferli \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00fcretiyor ve sat\u0131yor.<\/span>
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\u00c7in\u2019deki bu geli\u015fmelerden al\u0131nacak \u00e7ok de\u011ferli dersler bulunuyor.<\/span><\/p> \t\t\t\t","slug":"cinde-isci-ucretlerinin-dunu-ve-bugunu","tags":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","meta_title":"\u00c7in\u2019de i\u015f\u00e7i \u00fccretlerinin d\u00fcn\u00fc ve bug\u00fcn\u00fc","meta_description":"FAT\u0130H OKTAY","meta_keywords":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","news_cover_min":null,"news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"view_count":10269,"cropped_1200x675":null,"user":{"id":2,"name":"FAT\u0130H","surname":"OKTAY","email":"ozansoy.tuna@akay.com","slug":"fatih-oktay","avatar":"\/front\/uploads\/avatar\/1733691600qSRn7kb3ZZVHU3t.webp","status":1,"role":1,"email_verified_at":null,"orde":null,"created_at":"2022-09-15T09:39:41.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-18T14:51:22.000000Z","seo_title":null,"seo_description":null},"translations":[{"id":30710,"is_featured":0,"is_amp":0,"is_ads":0,"ads_link":null,"post_id":30611,"locale":"tr","category_id":73,"title":"\u00c7in\u2019de i\u015f\u00e7i \u00fccretlerinin d\u00fcn\u00fc ve bug\u00fcn\u00fc","home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"subtitleuse":0,"description":null,"content":" \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t

FAT\u0130H OKTAY<\/strong><\/span>
<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz kurlar\u0131yla (Bir TL, yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131m Yuan) bug\u00fcn Shanghai\u2019da asgari \u00fccret, i\u015fverene maliyet olarak 9 bin T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131yor. \u00c7in\u2019de, hemen her konuda oldu\u011fu gibi asgari \u00fccretler yerel ko\u015fullara g\u00f6re yerel olarak belirleniyor. Shanghai, asgari \u00fccretin en y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu y\u00f6re; ekonomik olarak daha az geli\u015fkin daha k\u0131rsal y\u00f6relerde asgari \u00fccret bu kenttekinin yar\u0131s\u0131na kadar d\u00fc\u015febiliyor. Ancak \u00fclkedeki ekonomik faaliyetlerin odakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fck\u00e7e \u015fehirlerde asgari \u00fccretler, i\u015fverene maliyet olarak genellikle art\u0131k T\u00fcrkiye\u2019dekini a\u015f\u0131yor. Burada \u2018i\u015fverene maliyet olarak\u2019 diye vurguluyoruz; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc br\u00fct asgari \u00fccret \u015fu an itibar\u0131 ile Shanghai ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de hemen hemen ayn\u0131; i\u015fveren sosyal g\u00fcvenlik katk\u0131 pay\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretlerde oran olarak y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 nedeniyle i\u015fverene maliyet olarak Shanghai epey yukar\u0131da kal\u0131yor. <\/span>
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G\u00d6\u00c7MEN \u0130\u015e\u00c7\u0130LER<\/strong><\/span>
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\u00c7in\u2019de en dezavantajl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kesimini, k\u0131rsal y\u00f6relerden gelip kentlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar olu\u015fturuyor. Bu insanlar kentlerde kentlilerin yapmay\u0131 istemedi\u011fi i\u015fleri, genellikle kentlilerden daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretlerle yap\u0131yorlar. \u00c7in\u2019in fabrikalar\u0131nda, in\u015faatlar\u0131nda, lokantalar\u0131nda, sokaklar\u0131n\u0131n temizli\u011finde genellikle bu insanlar \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor ve bu kesimde sosyal g\u00fcvenliksiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olduk\u00e7a yayg\u0131n. <\/span>
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Bu durumda bu kesimin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetli i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc olu\u015fturdu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir ama pek \u00f6yle de\u011fil. \u00c7in Ulusal \u0130statistik B\u00fcrosu anketlerine g\u00f6re 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu \u2018g\u00f6\u00e7men\u2019 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ortalama ayl\u0131k net geliri bug\u00fcnk\u00fc kurlarla 8 bin T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131yordu, in\u015faat ve ula\u015ft\u0131rma sekt\u00f6rlerinde bu rakam 10 bin lira dolay\u0131ndayd\u0131. Bunun da g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi \u00c7in\u2019de ortalama \u00fccretlerle asgari \u00fccret aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck fark var; merkezi y\u00f6netim asgari \u00fccretlerin, ortalama \u00fccretlerin y\u00fczde 40 ila 60\u2019\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir d\u00fczeyde belirlenmesini istese de bu sa\u011flanam\u0131yor, ortalama \u00fccretler asgari \u00fccretin \u00e7ok \u00fcst\u00fcnde, \u00f6rne\u011fin Beijing\u2019de be\u015f kat\u0131 d\u00fczeyinde kal\u0131yor. <\/span>
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Durum beyaz yaka i\u015flerde de farkl\u0131 de\u011fil. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir internet tabanl\u0131 i\u015f bulma sitesinin verilerine g\u00f6re \u00fclkede ortalama beyaz yaka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ayl\u0131k \u00fccreti 16 bin T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131 dolay\u0131nda bulunuyor; \u00fccretler Shanghai, Beijing gibi kentlerde ve baz\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerde bu ortalaman\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/span>
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\u00c7in\u2019deki \u00fccretlerin bu durumuna pek de \u015fa\u015fmamak gerekir. Piyasa ekonomisine ilk a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llarda \u00fclkenin ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na geliri y\u0131ll\u0131k 150 dolar dolay\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin onda biri d\u00fczeyindeydi, \u015fimdi ise 10 bin dolar\u0131 a\u015fm\u0131\u015f, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ninkini ge\u00e7mi\u015f bulunuyor.<\/span>
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\u00dcCRET POL\u0130T\u0130KALARI<\/strong><\/span>
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\u00dclkedeki \u00fccretleri \u00fclke geliri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan normal say\u0131lacak d\u00fczeylere getiren, 1990\u2019lar\u0131ndan sonlar\u0131nda ba\u015flayan h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00fccret art\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda devletin \u00fccret politikalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir rol\u00fc bulunuyor. \u00c7in\u2019de asgari \u00fccretlerin belirlenmesi ile ilgili uygulamalar, ilk defa 2004 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki bir d\u00fczenleme ile tan\u0131mland\u0131. \u00dclke y\u00f6netiminin bu tarihten sonraki 5 y\u0131ll\u0131k planlar\u0131 hep asgari \u00fccretlerin h\u0131zla art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik hedefler i\u00e7eriyordu. 2006-2010 y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan 11. Be\u015f Y\u0131ll\u0131k Plan d\u00f6neminde asgari \u00fccretlerin 3 kez, her birinde ortalama y\u00fczde 13 olmak \u00fczere art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Bunu takip eden 12. Be\u015f Y\u0131ll\u0131k Plana g\u00f6re ise 2011-2016 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda asgari \u00fccretlerdeki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n ortalama olarak y\u0131ll\u0131k y\u00fczde 13 d\u00fczeyinde olmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Daha sonraki y\u0131llarda da s\u00fcren bu enflasyonun \u00e7ok \u00fczerindeki art\u0131\u015flar \u00fccretlerin genel olarak artmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131.<\/span>
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\u00dclkede \u00fccretleri art\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik bu politika, \u00fc\u00e7 ama\u00e7 g\u00fcd\u00fcyor. Birinci ama\u00e7, piyasa ekonomisine ge\u00e7i\u015fle beraber b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bozulma g\u00f6stermi\u015f olan gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 e\u015fitsizli\u011finin giderilmesi. \u0130kinci ama\u00e7, ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi daha \u00e7ok i\u00e7 talebe dayand\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00fclkede al\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rmak. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ama\u00e7, \u00fclke ekonomisini ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne dayal\u0131 \u00fcretimden y\u00fcksek katma de\u011ferli \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin \u00fcretimine ge\u00e7i\u015fe zorlamak. Bu elbette sadece zorlamakla olmazd\u0131; beraberinde \u00fcretim, e\u011fitim, teknolojiye b\u00fcy\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. \u0130\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc maliyetlerindeki bu h\u0131zl\u0131 art\u0131\u015fa kar\u015f\u0131n \u00c7in\u2019in ihracat\u0131 azalmad\u0131, h\u0131zla artmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc; \u00c7in, giderek artan oranda y\u00fcksek katma de\u011ferli \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00fcretiyor ve sat\u0131yor.<\/span>
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\u00c7in\u2019deki bu geli\u015fmelerden al\u0131nacak \u00e7ok de\u011ferli dersler bulunuyor.<\/span><\/p> \t\t\t\t","slug":"cinde-isci-ucretlerinin-dunu-ve-bugunu","orjinalimage":null,"news_cover_min":null,"news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"cropped_638x552":null,"cropped_310x208":null,"cropped_416x247":null,"cropped_197x247":null,"cropped_416x600":null,"cropped_1200x675":null,"tags":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","meta_title":"\u00c7in\u2019de i\u015f\u00e7i \u00fccretlerinin d\u00fcn\u00fc ve bug\u00fcn\u00fc","meta_description":"FAT\u0130H OKTAY","meta_keywords":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","view_count":10269,"yt":0,"ytid":"","ytimage":null,"imgdate":"2000-01-01 00:00:00","cuff_cover":null,"cropped_358x214":null,"cropped_842x474":null}]}}