{"status":true,"post":{"id":21391,"user_id":2,"status":1,"type":1,"orde":null,"notification_type":3,"static_post":0,"published_at":"2022-10-24 14:07:25","created_at":"2020-01-16T21:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-10-24T11:07:25.000000Z","edited_at":"2024-12-17 22:35:21","source_id":null,"post_id":21391,"is_featured":0,"title":"\u00c7in yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lara ne kadar a\u00e7\u0131k?","slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"category_id":73,"description":null,"content":"  \t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"large\"><strong>Fatih Oktay<\/strong><\/span><br><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\">\u00c7in pazar\u0131n\u0131n yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lara a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ABD ile \u00c7in aras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir sorun konusu olu\u015fturuyor. ABD \u00c7in pazar\u0131n\u0131n yeterince a\u00e7\u0131k olmamas\u0131 yan\u0131nda kendi \u015firketlerinin \u00fclkede yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmak i\u00e7in \u00c7inli \u015firketlerle ortakl\u0131k yapmaya ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te teknolojilerini onlara aktarmaya zorland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u015fik\u00e2yet ediyor. Nitekim ABD\u2019nin \u00c7in mallar\u0131na g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergisi art\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na ba\u015flama gerek\u00e7elerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda \u015firketlerinin teknolojilerinin bu \u015fekilde ele ge\u00e7irilmesi geliyordu. \u00c7in\u2019de yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmak i\u00e7in \u00c7inli \u015firketlerle ortakl\u0131k yapman\u0131n zorunlu olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorusuyla ben de \u00e7ok s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yorum.<\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\">Ge\u00e7en yaz\u0131da otomotiv sanayisi politikalar\u0131n\u0131 ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda belirtti\u011fim gibi piyasa ekonomisine ge\u00e7i\u015fin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk y\u0131llarda \u00fclkede yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlara ancak ihracata y\u00f6nelik \u00fcretim i\u00e7in izin verilmekteydi. Seksenlerin ortalar\u0131nda otomotiv gibi belli sekt\u00f6rlerde yabanc\u0131lara b\u00fcy\u00fck devlet \u015firketleri ile ortakl\u0131k yapmak ve \u00fcretimde belli oranlarda yerli malzeme kullanmak gibi ko\u015fullarla \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini i\u00e7 piyasaya satma izni verilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Ancak \u00c7in, 2001\u2019de D\u00fcnya Ticaret \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019ne giri\u015finin gere\u011fi olarak pazar\u0131n\u0131 yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlara giderek artan oranda a\u00e7may\u0131 ve yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar i\u00e7in teknoloji aktar\u0131m\u0131, asgari yerli katma de\u011fer gibi ko\u015fullar koymamay\u0131 kabul etti. Giri\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019e genel olarak de\u011fil ama belli sekt\u00f6rlerde \u015firketlerdeki yabanc\u0131 ortakl\u0131k paylar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlama hakk\u0131n\u0131 veriyordu.<\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\">\u00c7in\u2019de g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n oyun alanlar\u0131n\u0131 bir dizi \u201cliste\u201d ve \u201ckatalog\u201d belirliyor. Bunlardan ilki Pazar Eri\u015fim Menfi Listesi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu liste hem yerli hem yabanc\u0131 \u015firketler i\u00e7in yasal nedenlerle yasak olan az say\u0131da sekt\u00f6r ile izne tabi olanlar\u0131 ve bu izinlerin hangi yasa ve d\u00fczenlemelere g\u00f6re hangi merciler taraf\u0131ndan verilece\u011fini belirtiyor. Bu liste yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fini zorla\u015ft\u0131rmayan, tersine kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran bir liste; eskiden kimin neye, neden, nas\u0131l izin verece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirlenmedi\u011finden yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar belirsizlik ve zorluklar ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rken ge\u00e7en y\u0131l devreye giren bu liste ile yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rmesi kolayla\u015f\u0131yor. Yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zetmesi gereken bir di\u011fer belge, Sanayi Yap\u0131sal D\u00fczenleme Y\u00f6nlendirme K\u0131lavuzu. Bu da fazla kapasite gibi nedenlerle yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131lmas\u0131, verilme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 pek olmayan, izine ba\u011fl\u0131 sekt\u00f6rleri belirtiyor. Yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemlisi ise Yabanc\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar Menfi Listesi. Bu liste yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131ma a\u00e7\u0131k olmayan ve yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m i\u00e7in yerli \u015firketlerle ortakl\u0131k gibi ko\u015fullar olan sekt\u00f6rleri belirtiyor. Yabanc\u0131ya yasak sekt\u00f6rler daha \u00e7ok radyoaktif element madencili\u011fi, n\u00fckleer yak\u0131t \u00fcretimi gibi stratejik; posta, zorunlu e\u011fitim hizmetleri gibi politik \u00f6nemi olan alanlar\u0131 kaps\u0131yor. Yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n yerli \u015firketlerle ortakl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 ise otomotiv, telekom\u00fcnikasyon gibi sekt\u00f6rler yan\u0131nda bas\u0131n, sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri, hava ve deniz ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 gibi stratejik veya politik \u00f6nemi olanlar. Hep menfi olacak de\u011fil ya bir de m\u00fcspet liste var: Yabanc\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131m Te\u015fvik Katalo\u011fu. Bu da, ad\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, vergi vb. te\u015fviklerin ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fu sekt\u00f6rleri belirliyor.<\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\">Yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlamaya tabi oldu\u011fu alan say\u0131s\u0131 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda 180 dolay\u0131ndayd\u0131. Bu say\u0131 2015\u2019te 90, 2019\u2019da ise 40\u2019a indi. \u00c7in pazar\u0131n\u0131n olduk\u00e7a a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011funu ve giderek de daha fazla a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/span><\/p>  \t\t\t\t","slug":"cin-yabanci-yatirimcilara-ne-kadar-acik","tags":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","meta_title":"\u00c7in yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lara ne kadar a\u00e7\u0131k?","meta_description":"Fatih Oktay","meta_keywords":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","news_cover_min":null,"news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"view_count":1088,"cropped_1200x675":null,"user":{"id":2,"name":"FAT\u0130H","surname":"OKTAY","email":"ozansoy.tuna@akay.com","slug":"fatih-oktay","avatar":"\/front\/uploads\/avatar\/1733691600qSRn7kb3ZZVHU3t.webp","status":1,"role":1,"email_verified_at":null,"orde":null,"created_at":"2022-09-15T09:39:41.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-18T14:51:22.000000Z","seo_title":null,"seo_description":null},"translations":[{"id":21490,"is_featured":0,"is_amp":0,"is_ads":0,"ads_link":null,"post_id":21391,"locale":"tr","category_id":73,"title":"\u00c7in yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lara ne kadar a\u00e7\u0131k?","home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"subtitleuse":0,"description":null,"content":"  \t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"large\"><strong>Fatih Oktay<\/strong><\/span><br><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\">\u00c7in pazar\u0131n\u0131n yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lara a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ABD ile \u00c7in aras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir sorun konusu olu\u015fturuyor. ABD \u00c7in pazar\u0131n\u0131n yeterince a\u00e7\u0131k olmamas\u0131 yan\u0131nda kendi \u015firketlerinin \u00fclkede yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmak i\u00e7in \u00c7inli \u015firketlerle ortakl\u0131k yapmaya ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te teknolojilerini onlara aktarmaya zorland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u015fik\u00e2yet ediyor. Nitekim ABD\u2019nin \u00c7in mallar\u0131na g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergisi art\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na ba\u015flama gerek\u00e7elerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda \u015firketlerinin teknolojilerinin bu \u015fekilde ele ge\u00e7irilmesi geliyordu. \u00c7in\u2019de yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmak i\u00e7in \u00c7inli \u015firketlerle ortakl\u0131k yapman\u0131n zorunlu olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorusuyla ben de \u00e7ok s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yorum.<\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\">Ge\u00e7en yaz\u0131da otomotiv sanayisi politikalar\u0131n\u0131 ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda belirtti\u011fim gibi piyasa ekonomisine ge\u00e7i\u015fin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk y\u0131llarda \u00fclkede yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlara ancak ihracata y\u00f6nelik \u00fcretim i\u00e7in izin verilmekteydi. Seksenlerin ortalar\u0131nda otomotiv gibi belli sekt\u00f6rlerde yabanc\u0131lara b\u00fcy\u00fck devlet \u015firketleri ile ortakl\u0131k yapmak ve \u00fcretimde belli oranlarda yerli malzeme kullanmak gibi ko\u015fullarla \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini i\u00e7 piyasaya satma izni verilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Ancak \u00c7in, 2001\u2019de D\u00fcnya Ticaret \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019ne giri\u015finin gere\u011fi olarak pazar\u0131n\u0131 yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlara giderek artan oranda a\u00e7may\u0131 ve yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar i\u00e7in teknoloji aktar\u0131m\u0131, asgari yerli katma de\u011fer gibi ko\u015fullar koymamay\u0131 kabul etti. Giri\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019e genel olarak de\u011fil ama belli sekt\u00f6rlerde \u015firketlerdeki yabanc\u0131 ortakl\u0131k paylar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlama hakk\u0131n\u0131 veriyordu.<\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\">\u00c7in\u2019de g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n oyun alanlar\u0131n\u0131 bir dizi \u201cliste\u201d ve \u201ckatalog\u201d belirliyor. Bunlardan ilki Pazar Eri\u015fim Menfi Listesi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu liste hem yerli hem yabanc\u0131 \u015firketler i\u00e7in yasal nedenlerle yasak olan az say\u0131da sekt\u00f6r ile izne tabi olanlar\u0131 ve bu izinlerin hangi yasa ve d\u00fczenlemelere g\u00f6re hangi merciler taraf\u0131ndan verilece\u011fini belirtiyor. Bu liste yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fini zorla\u015ft\u0131rmayan, tersine kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran bir liste; eskiden kimin neye, neden, nas\u0131l izin verece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirlenmedi\u011finden yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar belirsizlik ve zorluklar ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rken ge\u00e7en y\u0131l devreye giren bu liste ile yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rmesi kolayla\u015f\u0131yor. Yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zetmesi gereken bir di\u011fer belge, Sanayi Yap\u0131sal D\u00fczenleme Y\u00f6nlendirme K\u0131lavuzu. Bu da fazla kapasite gibi nedenlerle yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131lmas\u0131, verilme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 pek olmayan, izine ba\u011fl\u0131 sekt\u00f6rleri belirtiyor. Yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemlisi ise Yabanc\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar Menfi Listesi. Bu liste yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131ma a\u00e7\u0131k olmayan ve yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m i\u00e7in yerli \u015firketlerle ortakl\u0131k gibi ko\u015fullar olan sekt\u00f6rleri belirtiyor. Yabanc\u0131ya yasak sekt\u00f6rler daha \u00e7ok radyoaktif element madencili\u011fi, n\u00fckleer yak\u0131t \u00fcretimi gibi stratejik; posta, zorunlu e\u011fitim hizmetleri gibi politik \u00f6nemi olan alanlar\u0131 kaps\u0131yor. Yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n yerli \u015firketlerle ortakl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 ise otomotiv, telekom\u00fcnikasyon gibi sekt\u00f6rler yan\u0131nda bas\u0131n, sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri, hava ve deniz ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 gibi stratejik veya politik \u00f6nemi olanlar. Hep menfi olacak de\u011fil ya bir de m\u00fcspet liste var: Yabanc\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131m Te\u015fvik Katalo\u011fu. Bu da, ad\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, vergi vb. te\u015fviklerin ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fu sekt\u00f6rleri belirliyor.<\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\">Yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlamaya tabi oldu\u011fu alan say\u0131s\u0131 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda 180 dolay\u0131ndayd\u0131. Bu say\u0131 2015\u2019te 90, 2019\u2019da ise 40\u2019a indi. \u00c7in pazar\u0131n\u0131n olduk\u00e7a a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011funu ve giderek de daha fazla a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/span><\/p>  \t\t\t\t","slug":"cin-yabanci-yatirimcilara-ne-kadar-acik","orjinalimage":null,"news_cover_min":null,"news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"cropped_638x552":null,"cropped_310x208":null,"cropped_416x247":null,"cropped_197x247":null,"cropped_416x600":null,"cropped_1200x675":null,"tags":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","meta_title":"\u00c7in yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lara ne kadar a\u00e7\u0131k?","meta_description":"Fatih Oktay","meta_keywords":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","view_count":1088,"yt":0,"ytid":"","ytimage":null,"imgdate":"2000-01-01 00:00:00","cuff_cover":null,"cropped_358x214":null,"cropped_842x474":null}]}}