{"status":true,"post":{"id":22612,"user_id":30,"status":1,"type":1,"orde":null,"notification_type":3,"static_post":0,"published_at":"2022-10-24 14:18:44","created_at":"2020-08-06T21:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-10-24T11:18:44.000000Z","edited_at":"2024-12-17 22:35:21","source_id":null,"post_id":22612,"is_featured":0,"title":"\u00c7ayda T\u00fcrkiye-Afrika i\u015fbirli\u011fi","slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"category_id":73,"description":null,"content":" \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t

Prof. Dr. Ahmet Kavas<\/strong><\/span>
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\u00c7ay denilince her ne kadar akla Asya gelse de Afrika\u2019n\u0131n da 12 farkl\u0131 \u00fclkesi \u00e7ay \u00fcretiyor. K\u0131tadaki bir numaral\u0131 \u00e7ay \u00fcreticisi ise Kenya\u2026 Y\u0131lda 600 bin tona yak\u0131n \u00e7ay \u00fcreten Kenya, bunun y\u00fczde 95\u2019ini ihra\u00e7 ediyor. \u0130lk \u00fc\u00e7 m\u00fc\u015fterisi ise Pakistan, M\u0131s\u0131r ve \u0130ngiltere\u2026<\/strong><\/span>
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K\u0131tan\u0131n 42 \u00fclkesi, hen\u00fcz ticari ama\u00e7la \u00e7ay yeti\u015ftirmedikleri halde her ge\u00e7en y\u0131l en \u00e7ok t\u00fcketen \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00e7ok \u00e7ay \u00fcreten \u00fclkelerinden T\u00fcrkiye, Seylan veya \u00c7in \u00e7ay\u0131 kadar Kenya ve di\u011fer k\u0131ta \u00fclkelerinde bu \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn markala\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u015fbirlikleri yapabilir.<\/strong><\/span>
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Hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilemez i\u00e7eceklerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda gelen suyu, art\u0131k \u00e7ay takip ediyor. Alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7eceklerin insan v\u00fccuduna verdi\u011fi tahribat, bunlar\u0131n t\u00fcketimini tarihteki en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyeye indirdi. \u0130lk defa kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Antik \u00e7a\u011fdan itibaren \u00e7ay ise bizi kesintisiz bir \u015fekilde 21. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar ge\u00e7en her as\u0131rda daha fazla ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 yapt\u0131. S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilikle birlikte bir\u00e7ok t\u00fcketim maddesinin \u00fcretilmesinde etkin olan bitkiler adeta Asya, Afrika, ABD ve Avrupa k\u0131talar\u0131 aras\u0131nda m\u00fctemadiyen yer de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Bunlar\u0131n en \u00f6nemlilerinden biri de \u00e7ay olup art\u0131k onu zevkli i\u00e7ecek, \u00fclkelerin ekonomisi i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck girdi sa\u011flayan bir ticari \u00fcr\u00fcn, daha da \u00f6nemlisi zirai bitki olarak yeti\u015ftiren milyonlarca insan\u0131n ge\u00e7im kayna\u011f\u0131. <\/span>
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\u00c7ay denilince her ne kadar akla Asya gelse de Afrika\u2019n\u0131n da 12 farkl\u0131 \u00fclkesi \u00f6zellikle son y\u0131llarda artan \u015fekilde arazilerini bu \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc yeti\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in tahsis ediyor. <\/span>
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Ne var ki, daha fazla \u00fcretim, bu bitkinin fazlala\u015fmas\u0131na paralel \u015fekilde gelirlerin de y\u00fckselmesini sa\u011flam\u0131yor. Sa\u011fl\u0131k i\u00e7in s\u0131cak i\u00e7eceklerin faydas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda m\u00fcspet kanaatler bunu i\u00e7meyi te\u015fvik ediyor; her sene ciddi anlamda geni\u015fleyen d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusu da b\u00fcy\u00fck talep patlamas\u0131 yap\u0131yor.<\/span>
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300 ila 600 aras\u0131nda y\u00fczlerce \u00e7e\u015fit bitkiden i\u00e7imlik \u00e7ay i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnler yeti\u015ftirilse de d\u00fcnya piyasalar\u0131nda en \u00e7ok bilinenleri siyah ve ye\u015fil \u00e7ay. Fakat \u00f6nde gelen \u00f6nemli \u00e7ay \u00fcreticileri, G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019n\u0131n \u2018Rooibos\u2019 denen \u2018k\u0131rm\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131 \u00e7ay\u0131\u2019, Hint Okyanusu baharatlar\u0131 ve farkl\u0131 aromalara sahip \u00e7aylar\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak elde ettikleri yeni \u00fcr\u00fcnlerle zevk sahibi m\u00fc\u015fterilerini adeta b\u00fcy\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/span>
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\u00c7AYIN KITALARARASI SER\u00dcVEN\u0130 <\/strong><\/span>
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Herkesin kafas\u0131nda \u00e7ay\u0131n anavatan\u0131 olarak \u00c7in, Hindistan, \u015fimdiki ad\u0131 Sri Lanka olan Seylan\u2019da \u00fcretilenler akla gelse de T\u00fcrkiye de d\u00fcnya s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda ilk be\u015f \u00fclke aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. <\/span>
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Ancak acaba ka\u00e7 ki\u015fi Kenya\u2019n\u0131n son y\u0131llarda en \u00e7ok siyah \u00e7ay \u00fcreticisi \u00fclke oldu\u011funu bilir? Dahas\u0131, Malavi\u2019nin Afrika\u2019da ilk \u00e7ay ihracat\u00e7\u0131 \u00fclkesi oldu\u011funun fark\u0131nda? \u0130ngilizlerin s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik d\u00f6neminde Asya\u2019da i\u015fgal ettikleri yerlerden Afrika\u2019da i\u015fgal ettikleri ba\u015fta Malavi olmak \u00fczere Uganda, Moritus, hatta Kenya\u2019ya bu bitkiyi getirip yeti\u015ftirmeleri acaba uzun vadede nas\u0131l neticeler verecekti? Almanlar\u0131n k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli ellerinde kalan s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerinden \u00f6nce Bat\u0131 Afrika\u2019da Kamerun\u2019da 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda, ard\u0131ndan Tanzanya\u2019da \u00e7ay \u00fcretmedeki hedefleri neydi?<\/span>
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Y\u0131lda 4.5 milyon ton \u00e7ay\u0131n \u00fcretildi\u011fi d\u00fcnyam\u0131zda bunun \u00e7ok az\u0131 hari\u00e7 tamam\u0131 t\u00fcketiliyor. 2020\u2019li y\u0131llara do\u011fru y\u0131lda 600 bin tona yak\u0131n \u00e7ay \u00fcretimine ula\u015fan Kenya\u2019n\u0131n ihra\u00e7 etti\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fczde 95\u2019ine talip en b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fc\u015fterisi Pakistan, ikincisi M\u0131s\u0131r, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc ise eski s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecisi \u0130ngiltere, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc de yine ba\u015fka bir Afrika \u00fclkesi olan Sudan... <\/span>
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\u00dcRET\u0130M AFR\u0130KA\u2019DAN, MARKA AVRUPA\u2019DAN<\/strong><\/span>
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Afrika \u00fclkelerinde \u00fcretilen \u00e7aylar genelde herhangi bir ambalaj ve marka ismi almadan paketlenip ihra\u00e7 edildi\u011fi i\u00e7in her ne kadar \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak nerede yeti\u015ftirildiklerini soranlara belirtilse bile i\u00e7enler genelde Asya \u00fclkelerinden geldi\u011fini zannederler. \u00c7ay severlerin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 i\u00e7tiklerinin Etiyopya, Kenya, Uganda, Ruanda, Burundi, Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti, Malavi, Mozambik, Zambiya, Tanzanya, Madagaskar, G\u00fcney Afrika Cumhuriyeti, Moritus ve Kamerun gibi \u00fclkelerden kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmiyor. Maalesef \u00fcr\u00fcnleri k\u0131ta markalar\u0131yla piyasalarda yer almad\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcrece as\u0131l kazan\u00e7 yine onu pazarlara sunan uluslararas\u0131 \u015firketlere kal\u0131yor.<\/span>
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\u00c7ay, her ge\u00e7en sene sadece i\u00e7ilen bir \u00fcr\u00fcn olman\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7iyor ve bundan en fazla etkilenen de Afrikal\u0131lar oluyor. <\/span><\/p>

Ya bu bitkiyi \u00fcretip y\u00fczde 5\u2019i hari\u00e7 ihra\u00e7 eden Kenya gibi ekonomisine b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor ya da G\u00fcney Afrika Cumhuriyeti gibi \u00fcrettiklerinin tamam\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 kendi i\u00e7 piyasas\u0131nda t\u00fcketiyor. <\/span>
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Ama k\u0131tan\u0131n 42 \u00fclkesi ise hen\u00fcz ticari ama\u00e7la yeti\u015ftirmedikleri halde bu \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc her ge\u00e7en y\u0131l en \u00e7ok t\u00fcketenler aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. <\/span><\/p>

Fas ve Cezayir gibi birka\u00e7 \u00fclke ye\u015fil \u00e7ay t\u00fcketimine a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verirken di\u011ferleri siyah \u00e7ay\u0131 tercih ediyor. <\/span>
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D\u00dcNYANIN B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 \u00c7AY \u0130HRACAT\u00c7ISI <\/strong><\/span>
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K\u0131tada 600 bin tonluk \u00fcretimiyle en fazla \u00e7ay \u00fcreten, bunun da y\u00fczde 95\u2019ini ihra\u00e7 eden ve bundan y\u0131ll\u0131k 1 milyar 200 milyon dolara yak\u0131n gelir eden Kenya\u2019n\u0131n en fazla \u00fcr\u00fcn alan m\u00fc\u015fterileri aras\u0131nda Pakistan, M\u0131s\u0131r, \u0130ngiltere ve Sudan ba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ekiyor. Bu \u00fclkelerin her biri, i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz ekonomik buhranlardan en fazla etkilendi. <\/span>
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Pakistan\u2019\u0131n milli paras\u0131 roupi y\u00fczde 50 de\u011fer kaybederken, \u0130ngiltere de Brexit ile sterlingde y\u00fczde 20\u2019ye yak\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclme ya\u015fad\u0131. M\u0131s\u0131r ile Sudan\u2019daki siyasi karga\u015falar ile her ikisinin al\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc zay\u0131flatt\u0131. Kenya\u2019da \u00e7ay denilince akla gelen kurulu\u015f Kenya \u00c7ay \u00dcreticileri Derne\u011fi (KTDA) olup \u00fclkedeki \u00fcreticilerin yar\u0131dan fazlas\u0131 bu i\u015fbirli\u011fi kurulu\u015funun \u00fcyesi. Ayr\u0131ca i\u00e7lerinde en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u0131lda 60 bin ton \u00e7ay i\u015fleyebildi\u011fi 67 fabrikas\u0131 bulunuyor. D\u00fcnyada \u00e7ay talebinin artmas\u0131 asl\u0131nda daha fazla alanda bu bitkinin dikimine sebep olsa da yine de \u00e7ok \u00fcr\u00fcnden ziyade daha y\u00fcksek kaliteli \u00e7ay\u0131n \u00fcretimini zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/span>
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Malavi, Ruanda ve Burundi gibi \u00fclkeler, 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llardaki d\u00fcnya tarihinin en vah\u015fi soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 sonucu \u00e7ay \u00fcretiminde b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ya\u015fasalar da 21. y\u00fczy\u0131la girdi\u011fimiz bu d\u00f6nemde 1500-2500 metre rak\u0131mlar\u0131 bulan tepelerinde \u00e7ok aranan kokuya sahip \u00fcr\u00fcn elde ediyorlar. Mozambik, bu alanda Malavi\u2019den etkilenirken, bu da di\u011fer kom\u015fular\u0131 Zambiya ve Zimbabve\u2019de bu bitkiye daha fazla alan tahsisini te\u015fvik etti. 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kamerun Da\u011f\u0131 ete\u011finde Almanlar\u0131n dikti\u011fi \u00e7aylar, \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden Tanzanya\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgallerinin ard\u0131ndan oraya da ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. Uganda, Etiyopya ve Madagaskar\u2019da art\u0131k daha fazla \u00e7ay verimi derdindeler. Frans\u0131zlar Moritus adas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirseler de bu t\u00fcr \u00fcr\u00fcnlere \u00f6nem vermedi. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130ngiltere buray\u0131 i\u015fgal edince \u00e7ay \u00fcretimini ba\u015flatt\u0131. Fakat buras\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in son derece elveri\u015fli oldu\u011fundan bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka \u00fcr\u00fcnlere pek yer verilemiyor.<\/span>
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YE\u015e\u0130L ALTIN VE B\u00dcY\u00dcL\u00dc YAPRAK MARKALA\u015eMA S\u00dcREC\u0130NDE<\/strong><\/span>
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\u201cSuudi Arabistan\u2019\u0131n petrol\u00fc varsa Kenya\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7ay\u0131 var\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc art\u0131k s\u0131k kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Milyonlarca ki\u015finin bitkilerin her dal\u0131ndan kestikleri iki ye\u015fil yaprak, sabahtan ak\u015fama kadar milyonlarca kilo \u00e7aya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Do\u011fu Afrika\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u00e7\u0131k art\u0131rma pazar\u0131n\u0131n kuruldu\u011fu Mombasa, KTDA\u2019n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli i\u015flem noktas\u0131 konumunda. \u00dcr\u00fcn artsa da \u00fcretici i\u00e7in fiyat\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Bu durum yeni \u00fcreticilerin beklentilerini bo\u015fa \u00e7\u0131karsa da sonu\u00e7ta 4 milyon insan hayat\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131 olarak bu \u00fcr\u00fcnden elde ediyor. \u00dc\u00e7 kilosu \u00fcretildi\u011fi alanda bir dolar eden \u00e7ay, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n l\u00fcks \u00e7aylar satan ma\u011fazalar\u0131nda 100 gram\u0131 10 Euro\u2019ya m\u00fc\u015fteri buluyor. Her ne kadar Hindistan, \u00c7in ve Sri Lanka \u00e7ay \u00fcretiminde ton bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Kenya\u2019dan \u00f6nde olsa da onlar \u00fcrettiklerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7 piyasalar\u0131nda t\u00fckettikleri i\u00e7in \u00adbu \u00fclke \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kimseye b\u0131rakm\u0131yor.<\/span>
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Ne var ki, Afrika\u2019n\u0131n 54 \u00fclkesinden sadece 12\u2019sinin \u00fcretici olmas\u0131 yan\u0131nda 42 \u00fclkede her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn \u00e7aya olan talep a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 art\u0131yor. Ama neredeyse M\u0131s\u0131r ve Sudan hari\u00e7 belki de bir\u00e7o\u011fu bu \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7ok uluslu \u015firketlerin markala\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlere y\u00f6nelerek, \u00fcretenlerden de\u011fil; ambalajlayan, de\u011fi\u015fik aromalarla zenginle\u015ftiren \u00fclkelerin pazarlar\u0131ndan temin ediyorlar. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00e7ok \u00e7ay \u00fcreten ve de \u00fcrettirdi\u011finden fazla t\u00fcketen T\u00fcrkiye, Seylan veya \u00c7in \u00e7ay\u0131 kadar Kenya ve di\u011fer k\u0131ta \u00fclkelerinde bu \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn markala\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u015fbirlikleri yapabilir.<\/span>
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R\u0130ZE\u2019DE SENEGALL\u0130 \u00c7AY \u0130\u015e\u00c7\u0130LER\u0130 <\/strong><\/span>
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Koronavir\u00fcs hayat\u0131m\u0131zda bir\u00e7ok al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin g\u00fcndemine giren konulardan biri ise Rize\u2019de Senegalli gen\u00e7lerin \u00e7ay toplamas\u0131 idi. S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n kapal\u0131 olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan\u2019dan i\u015f\u00e7i giri\u015fi sa\u011flanam\u0131yordu. \u00c7ay \u00fcreticilerinden bir k\u0131sm\u0131, \u00e7o\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerimizde saat satan Senegalli gen\u00e7lere bu i\u015fi yapt\u0131r\u0131yorlard\u0131. \u00dclkelerinde \u00e7ay \u00fcretimi yap\u0131lmasa da t\u00fcm Afrikal\u0131lar gibi Senegal de iyi bir t\u00fcketici. Ellerinden her i\u015f gelecek kabiliyetteki bu gen\u00e7ler, maharetlerini bu i\u015fte de g\u00f6sterdiler.<\/span>
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<\/span><\/p> \t\t\t\t","slug":"cayda-turkiye-afrika-isbirligi","tags":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","meta_title":"\u00c7ayda T\u00fcrkiye-Afrika i\u015fbirli\u011fi","meta_description":"Prof. Dr. Ahmet Kavas","meta_keywords":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","news_cover_min":null,"news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"view_count":1104,"cropped_1200x675":null,"user":{"id":30,"name":"AHMET","surname":"KAVAS","email":"prof-dr-ahmet-kavas@gmail.com","slug":"prof-dr-ahmet-kavas","avatar":"\/front\/uploads\/avatar\/17336916002RXDhDXyMw3kEXW.webp","status":1,"role":1,"email_verified_at":null,"orde":null,"created_at":"2022-10-24T11:09:13.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-18T09:44:44.000000Z","seo_title":null,"seo_description":null},"translations":[{"id":22711,"is_featured":0,"is_amp":0,"is_ads":0,"ads_link":null,"post_id":22612,"locale":"tr","category_id":73,"title":"\u00c7ayda T\u00fcrkiye-Afrika i\u015fbirli\u011fi","home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"subtitleuse":0,"description":null,"content":" \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t

Prof. Dr. Ahmet Kavas<\/strong><\/span>
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\u00c7ay denilince her ne kadar akla Asya gelse de Afrika\u2019n\u0131n da 12 farkl\u0131 \u00fclkesi \u00e7ay \u00fcretiyor. K\u0131tadaki bir numaral\u0131 \u00e7ay \u00fcreticisi ise Kenya\u2026 Y\u0131lda 600 bin tona yak\u0131n \u00e7ay \u00fcreten Kenya, bunun y\u00fczde 95\u2019ini ihra\u00e7 ediyor. \u0130lk \u00fc\u00e7 m\u00fc\u015fterisi ise Pakistan, M\u0131s\u0131r ve \u0130ngiltere\u2026<\/strong><\/span>
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K\u0131tan\u0131n 42 \u00fclkesi, hen\u00fcz ticari ama\u00e7la \u00e7ay yeti\u015ftirmedikleri halde her ge\u00e7en y\u0131l en \u00e7ok t\u00fcketen \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00e7ok \u00e7ay \u00fcreten \u00fclkelerinden T\u00fcrkiye, Seylan veya \u00c7in \u00e7ay\u0131 kadar Kenya ve di\u011fer k\u0131ta \u00fclkelerinde bu \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn markala\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u015fbirlikleri yapabilir.<\/strong><\/span>
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Hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilemez i\u00e7eceklerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda gelen suyu, art\u0131k \u00e7ay takip ediyor. Alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7eceklerin insan v\u00fccuduna verdi\u011fi tahribat, bunlar\u0131n t\u00fcketimini tarihteki en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyeye indirdi. \u0130lk defa kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Antik \u00e7a\u011fdan itibaren \u00e7ay ise bizi kesintisiz bir \u015fekilde 21. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar ge\u00e7en her as\u0131rda daha fazla ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 yapt\u0131. S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilikle birlikte bir\u00e7ok t\u00fcketim maddesinin \u00fcretilmesinde etkin olan bitkiler adeta Asya, Afrika, ABD ve Avrupa k\u0131talar\u0131 aras\u0131nda m\u00fctemadiyen yer de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Bunlar\u0131n en \u00f6nemlilerinden biri de \u00e7ay olup art\u0131k onu zevkli i\u00e7ecek, \u00fclkelerin ekonomisi i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck girdi sa\u011flayan bir ticari \u00fcr\u00fcn, daha da \u00f6nemlisi zirai bitki olarak yeti\u015ftiren milyonlarca insan\u0131n ge\u00e7im kayna\u011f\u0131. <\/span>
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\u00c7ay denilince her ne kadar akla Asya gelse de Afrika\u2019n\u0131n da 12 farkl\u0131 \u00fclkesi \u00f6zellikle son y\u0131llarda artan \u015fekilde arazilerini bu \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc yeti\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in tahsis ediyor. <\/span>
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Ne var ki, daha fazla \u00fcretim, bu bitkinin fazlala\u015fmas\u0131na paralel \u015fekilde gelirlerin de y\u00fckselmesini sa\u011flam\u0131yor. Sa\u011fl\u0131k i\u00e7in s\u0131cak i\u00e7eceklerin faydas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda m\u00fcspet kanaatler bunu i\u00e7meyi te\u015fvik ediyor; her sene ciddi anlamda geni\u015fleyen d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusu da b\u00fcy\u00fck talep patlamas\u0131 yap\u0131yor.<\/span>
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300 ila 600 aras\u0131nda y\u00fczlerce \u00e7e\u015fit bitkiden i\u00e7imlik \u00e7ay i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnler yeti\u015ftirilse de d\u00fcnya piyasalar\u0131nda en \u00e7ok bilinenleri siyah ve ye\u015fil \u00e7ay. Fakat \u00f6nde gelen \u00f6nemli \u00e7ay \u00fcreticileri, G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019n\u0131n \u2018Rooibos\u2019 denen \u2018k\u0131rm\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131 \u00e7ay\u0131\u2019, Hint Okyanusu baharatlar\u0131 ve farkl\u0131 aromalara sahip \u00e7aylar\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak elde ettikleri yeni \u00fcr\u00fcnlerle zevk sahibi m\u00fc\u015fterilerini adeta b\u00fcy\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/span>
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\u00c7AYIN KITALARARASI SER\u00dcVEN\u0130 <\/strong><\/span>
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Herkesin kafas\u0131nda \u00e7ay\u0131n anavatan\u0131 olarak \u00c7in, Hindistan, \u015fimdiki ad\u0131 Sri Lanka olan Seylan\u2019da \u00fcretilenler akla gelse de T\u00fcrkiye de d\u00fcnya s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda ilk be\u015f \u00fclke aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. <\/span>
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Ancak acaba ka\u00e7 ki\u015fi Kenya\u2019n\u0131n son y\u0131llarda en \u00e7ok siyah \u00e7ay \u00fcreticisi \u00fclke oldu\u011funu bilir? Dahas\u0131, Malavi\u2019nin Afrika\u2019da ilk \u00e7ay ihracat\u00e7\u0131 \u00fclkesi oldu\u011funun fark\u0131nda? \u0130ngilizlerin s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik d\u00f6neminde Asya\u2019da i\u015fgal ettikleri yerlerden Afrika\u2019da i\u015fgal ettikleri ba\u015fta Malavi olmak \u00fczere Uganda, Moritus, hatta Kenya\u2019ya bu bitkiyi getirip yeti\u015ftirmeleri acaba uzun vadede nas\u0131l neticeler verecekti? Almanlar\u0131n k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli ellerinde kalan s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerinden \u00f6nce Bat\u0131 Afrika\u2019da Kamerun\u2019da 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda, ard\u0131ndan Tanzanya\u2019da \u00e7ay \u00fcretmedeki hedefleri neydi?<\/span>
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Y\u0131lda 4.5 milyon ton \u00e7ay\u0131n \u00fcretildi\u011fi d\u00fcnyam\u0131zda bunun \u00e7ok az\u0131 hari\u00e7 tamam\u0131 t\u00fcketiliyor. 2020\u2019li y\u0131llara do\u011fru y\u0131lda 600 bin tona yak\u0131n \u00e7ay \u00fcretimine ula\u015fan Kenya\u2019n\u0131n ihra\u00e7 etti\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fczde 95\u2019ine talip en b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fc\u015fterisi Pakistan, ikincisi M\u0131s\u0131r, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc ise eski s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecisi \u0130ngiltere, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc de yine ba\u015fka bir Afrika \u00fclkesi olan Sudan... <\/span>
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\u00dcRET\u0130M AFR\u0130KA\u2019DAN, MARKA AVRUPA\u2019DAN<\/strong><\/span>
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Afrika \u00fclkelerinde \u00fcretilen \u00e7aylar genelde herhangi bir ambalaj ve marka ismi almadan paketlenip ihra\u00e7 edildi\u011fi i\u00e7in her ne kadar \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak nerede yeti\u015ftirildiklerini soranlara belirtilse bile i\u00e7enler genelde Asya \u00fclkelerinden geldi\u011fini zannederler. \u00c7ay severlerin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 i\u00e7tiklerinin Etiyopya, Kenya, Uganda, Ruanda, Burundi, Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti, Malavi, Mozambik, Zambiya, Tanzanya, Madagaskar, G\u00fcney Afrika Cumhuriyeti, Moritus ve Kamerun gibi \u00fclkelerden kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmiyor. Maalesef \u00fcr\u00fcnleri k\u0131ta markalar\u0131yla piyasalarda yer almad\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcrece as\u0131l kazan\u00e7 yine onu pazarlara sunan uluslararas\u0131 \u015firketlere kal\u0131yor.<\/span>
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\u00c7ay, her ge\u00e7en sene sadece i\u00e7ilen bir \u00fcr\u00fcn olman\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7iyor ve bundan en fazla etkilenen de Afrikal\u0131lar oluyor. <\/span><\/p>

Ya bu bitkiyi \u00fcretip y\u00fczde 5\u2019i hari\u00e7 ihra\u00e7 eden Kenya gibi ekonomisine b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor ya da G\u00fcney Afrika Cumhuriyeti gibi \u00fcrettiklerinin tamam\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 kendi i\u00e7 piyasas\u0131nda t\u00fcketiyor. <\/span>
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Ama k\u0131tan\u0131n 42 \u00fclkesi ise hen\u00fcz ticari ama\u00e7la yeti\u015ftirmedikleri halde bu \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc her ge\u00e7en y\u0131l en \u00e7ok t\u00fcketenler aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. <\/span><\/p>

Fas ve Cezayir gibi birka\u00e7 \u00fclke ye\u015fil \u00e7ay t\u00fcketimine a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verirken di\u011ferleri siyah \u00e7ay\u0131 tercih ediyor. <\/span>
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D\u00dcNYANIN B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 \u00c7AY \u0130HRACAT\u00c7ISI <\/strong><\/span>
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K\u0131tada 600 bin tonluk \u00fcretimiyle en fazla \u00e7ay \u00fcreten, bunun da y\u00fczde 95\u2019ini ihra\u00e7 eden ve bundan y\u0131ll\u0131k 1 milyar 200 milyon dolara yak\u0131n gelir eden Kenya\u2019n\u0131n en fazla \u00fcr\u00fcn alan m\u00fc\u015fterileri aras\u0131nda Pakistan, M\u0131s\u0131r, \u0130ngiltere ve Sudan ba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ekiyor. Bu \u00fclkelerin her biri, i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz ekonomik buhranlardan en fazla etkilendi. <\/span>
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Pakistan\u2019\u0131n milli paras\u0131 roupi y\u00fczde 50 de\u011fer kaybederken, \u0130ngiltere de Brexit ile sterlingde y\u00fczde 20\u2019ye yak\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclme ya\u015fad\u0131. M\u0131s\u0131r ile Sudan\u2019daki siyasi karga\u015falar ile her ikisinin al\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc zay\u0131flatt\u0131. Kenya\u2019da \u00e7ay denilince akla gelen kurulu\u015f Kenya \u00c7ay \u00dcreticileri Derne\u011fi (KTDA) olup \u00fclkedeki \u00fcreticilerin yar\u0131dan fazlas\u0131 bu i\u015fbirli\u011fi kurulu\u015funun \u00fcyesi. Ayr\u0131ca i\u00e7lerinde en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u0131lda 60 bin ton \u00e7ay i\u015fleyebildi\u011fi 67 fabrikas\u0131 bulunuyor. D\u00fcnyada \u00e7ay talebinin artmas\u0131 asl\u0131nda daha fazla alanda bu bitkinin dikimine sebep olsa da yine de \u00e7ok \u00fcr\u00fcnden ziyade daha y\u00fcksek kaliteli \u00e7ay\u0131n \u00fcretimini zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/span>
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Malavi, Ruanda ve Burundi gibi \u00fclkeler, 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llardaki d\u00fcnya tarihinin en vah\u015fi soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 sonucu \u00e7ay \u00fcretiminde b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ya\u015fasalar da 21. y\u00fczy\u0131la girdi\u011fimiz bu d\u00f6nemde 1500-2500 metre rak\u0131mlar\u0131 bulan tepelerinde \u00e7ok aranan kokuya sahip \u00fcr\u00fcn elde ediyorlar. Mozambik, bu alanda Malavi\u2019den etkilenirken, bu da di\u011fer kom\u015fular\u0131 Zambiya ve Zimbabve\u2019de bu bitkiye daha fazla alan tahsisini te\u015fvik etti. 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kamerun Da\u011f\u0131 ete\u011finde Almanlar\u0131n dikti\u011fi \u00e7aylar, \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden Tanzanya\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgallerinin ard\u0131ndan oraya da ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. Uganda, Etiyopya ve Madagaskar\u2019da art\u0131k daha fazla \u00e7ay verimi derdindeler. Frans\u0131zlar Moritus adas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirseler de bu t\u00fcr \u00fcr\u00fcnlere \u00f6nem vermedi. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130ngiltere buray\u0131 i\u015fgal edince \u00e7ay \u00fcretimini ba\u015flatt\u0131. Fakat buras\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in son derece elveri\u015fli oldu\u011fundan bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka \u00fcr\u00fcnlere pek yer verilemiyor.<\/span>
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YE\u015e\u0130L ALTIN VE B\u00dcY\u00dcL\u00dc YAPRAK MARKALA\u015eMA S\u00dcREC\u0130NDE<\/strong><\/span>
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\u201cSuudi Arabistan\u2019\u0131n petrol\u00fc varsa Kenya\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7ay\u0131 var\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc art\u0131k s\u0131k kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Milyonlarca ki\u015finin bitkilerin her dal\u0131ndan kestikleri iki ye\u015fil yaprak, sabahtan ak\u015fama kadar milyonlarca kilo \u00e7aya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Do\u011fu Afrika\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u00e7\u0131k art\u0131rma pazar\u0131n\u0131n kuruldu\u011fu Mombasa, KTDA\u2019n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli i\u015flem noktas\u0131 konumunda. \u00dcr\u00fcn artsa da \u00fcretici i\u00e7in fiyat\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Bu durum yeni \u00fcreticilerin beklentilerini bo\u015fa \u00e7\u0131karsa da sonu\u00e7ta 4 milyon insan hayat\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131 olarak bu \u00fcr\u00fcnden elde ediyor. \u00dc\u00e7 kilosu \u00fcretildi\u011fi alanda bir dolar eden \u00e7ay, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n l\u00fcks \u00e7aylar satan ma\u011fazalar\u0131nda 100 gram\u0131 10 Euro\u2019ya m\u00fc\u015fteri buluyor. Her ne kadar Hindistan, \u00c7in ve Sri Lanka \u00e7ay \u00fcretiminde ton bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Kenya\u2019dan \u00f6nde olsa da onlar \u00fcrettiklerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7 piyasalar\u0131nda t\u00fckettikleri i\u00e7in \u00adbu \u00fclke \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kimseye b\u0131rakm\u0131yor.<\/span>
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Ne var ki, Afrika\u2019n\u0131n 54 \u00fclkesinden sadece 12\u2019sinin \u00fcretici olmas\u0131 yan\u0131nda 42 \u00fclkede her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn \u00e7aya olan talep a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 art\u0131yor. Ama neredeyse M\u0131s\u0131r ve Sudan hari\u00e7 belki de bir\u00e7o\u011fu bu \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7ok uluslu \u015firketlerin markala\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlere y\u00f6nelerek, \u00fcretenlerden de\u011fil; ambalajlayan, de\u011fi\u015fik aromalarla zenginle\u015ftiren \u00fclkelerin pazarlar\u0131ndan temin ediyorlar. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00e7ok \u00e7ay \u00fcreten ve de \u00fcrettirdi\u011finden fazla t\u00fcketen T\u00fcrkiye, Seylan veya \u00c7in \u00e7ay\u0131 kadar Kenya ve di\u011fer k\u0131ta \u00fclkelerinde bu \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn markala\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u015fbirlikleri yapabilir.<\/span>
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R\u0130ZE\u2019DE SENEGALL\u0130 \u00c7AY \u0130\u015e\u00c7\u0130LER\u0130 <\/strong><\/span>
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Koronavir\u00fcs hayat\u0131m\u0131zda bir\u00e7ok al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin g\u00fcndemine giren konulardan biri ise Rize\u2019de Senegalli gen\u00e7lerin \u00e7ay toplamas\u0131 idi. S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n kapal\u0131 olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan\u2019dan i\u015f\u00e7i giri\u015fi sa\u011flanam\u0131yordu. \u00c7ay \u00fcreticilerinden bir k\u0131sm\u0131, \u00e7o\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerimizde saat satan Senegalli gen\u00e7lere bu i\u015fi yapt\u0131r\u0131yorlard\u0131. \u00dclkelerinde \u00e7ay \u00fcretimi yap\u0131lmasa da t\u00fcm Afrikal\u0131lar gibi Senegal de iyi bir t\u00fcketici. Ellerinden her i\u015f gelecek kabiliyetteki bu gen\u00e7ler, maharetlerini bu i\u015fte de g\u00f6sterdiler.<\/span>
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<\/span><\/p> \t\t\t\t","slug":"cayda-turkiye-afrika-isbirligi","orjinalimage":null,"news_cover_min":null,"news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"cropped_638x552":null,"cropped_310x208":null,"cropped_416x247":null,"cropped_197x247":null,"cropped_416x600":null,"cropped_1200x675":null,"tags":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","meta_title":"\u00c7ayda T\u00fcrkiye-Afrika i\u015fbirli\u011fi","meta_description":"Prof. Dr. Ahmet Kavas","meta_keywords":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","view_count":1104,"yt":0,"ytid":"","ytimage":null,"imgdate":"2000-01-01 00:00:00","cuff_cover":null,"cropped_358x214":null,"cropped_842x474":null}]}}