{"status":true,"post":{"id":22203,"user_id":30,"status":1,"type":1,"orde":null,"notification_type":3,"static_post":0,"published_at":"2022-10-24 14:15:24","created_at":"2020-05-14T21:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-10-24T11:15:24.000000Z","edited_at":"2024-12-17 22:35:21","source_id":null,"post_id":22203,"is_featured":0,"title":"B\u00fcy\u00fck Ye\u015fil Duvar\u2019\u0131n y\u00fczde 20\u2019si tamamland\u0131","slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"category_id":73,"description":null,"content":" \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t

* K\u0131tan\u0131n en do\u011fusundaki Cibuti\u2019den en bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki Senegal\u2019e kadar 8 bin km uzunlu\u011fundaki B\u00fcy\u00fck Ye\u015fil Duvar\u2019\u0131n y\u00fczde 20\u2019si ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. 11 \u00fclkenin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 milyon hektarl\u0131k alan\u0131n a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren projenin 2030\u2019da tamamlanmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

* Projenin temel amac\u0131, k\u0131tada giderek geni\u015fleyen B\u00fcy\u00fck Sahra \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn daha g\u00fcneye do\u011fru ilerlemesini bir \u015fekilde durdurmakt\u0131. Ger\u00e7i tamamlanmas\u0131 durumunda k\u00fcresel iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini de yava\u015flataca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyan\u0131n faydalanaca\u011f\u0131 te\u015febb\u00fcs konumunda. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Prof. Dr. Ahmet Kavas<\/strong><\/span>
<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Afrika sahillerinin Avrupal\u0131 k\u00f6le tacirleriyle 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren \u00e7epe\u00e7evre ku\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda h\u0131z kazanan s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik faaliyetleri ile de t\u00fcm geleneksel ileti\u015fim a\u011flar\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m kopar\u0131l\u0131p yok edildi. Tarihi ticaret kervan yollar\u0131 ile \u0130slamiyet sonras\u0131 \u015fekillenen hac g\u00fczerg\u00e2hlar\u0131 birer birer haf\u0131zalardan silindi. Ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa aktar\u0131lan bu ticaret ve hac yollar\u0131 a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131, 1885 y\u0131l\u0131 \u015fubat ay\u0131nda tamamlanan Berlin Konferans\u0131 kararlar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00e7\u00f6kertildi. Her bir b\u00f6lge kimin pay\u0131na ayr\u0131ld\u0131ysa o s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci \u00fclkenin kapal\u0131 bir alan\u0131na \u00e7evrildi. 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l Afrika\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inden bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00e7\u0131kamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeleri bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc takip edememesinin ana sebebi budur.<\/span><\/p>

\u015eayet bir an evvel Afrika\u2019n\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki tabii ileti\u015fim a\u011flar\u0131 yeniden kurulamazsa t\u00fcm \u00fclkeler gelecekte daha karamsar d\u00f6nemlere ge\u00e7ecekler demektir. Her ne kadar kendi s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerinden azami fayda temini i\u00e7in ba\u015fta Fransa ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin bu k\u0131tada kurduklar\u0131 demiryolu ve karayolu a\u011flar\u0131 varsa da bunlar yerel halk\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re yap\u0131lmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok yetersiz kald\u0131lar. Mesela t\u00fcm su havas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 90\u2019dan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 son 60 y\u0131lda kaybeden \u00c7ad G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc Kongo Nehri sular\u0131yla destekleme fikri hen\u00fcz uygulanabilir bir projeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmedi.<\/span><\/p>

\u00c7\u00d6LLE\u015eMEY\u0130 DURDURACAK <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Bug\u00fcn acaba kimler bundan ka\u00e7 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce Nijer\u2019de dinazorlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyor? Bu \u00fclkede Ingal kasabas\u0131 ve \u00e7evresinde hayvanlar aleminin bu dev c\u00fcsseli hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131n iskeletleri bol miktarda bulunuyor. O halde bu canl\u0131lara yetecek ye\u015fillikler bu co\u011frafyan\u0131n bir ger\u00e7e\u011fi idi. Belki de art\u0131k varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 efsaneden ibaret kay\u0131p k\u0131ta Atlantis B\u00fcy\u00fck Sahra\u2019n\u0131n merkezinde bu \u00e7evrede yer al\u0131yordu, hatta Tuareg toplumu da oran\u0131n halklar\u0131ndan geriye kalanlard\u0131. Kabul edilmesi gereken bir ger\u00e7ek varsa o da d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bu b\u00f6lgesindeki \u00e7\u00f6lle\u015fmenin durdurulmas\u0131n\u0131n imk\u00e2n dahilinde bir zaruret oldu\u011fudur. K\u0131tan\u0131n nimetlerini t\u00fcketen \u00e7ok uluslu d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7ler az da olsa bu konuyu g\u00fcndemlerine alsalar da bunu Afrikal\u0131lar projelendirip uygulamaya ald\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda Etiyopya\u2019n\u0131n merkezi Addis Ababa\u2019da toplanan 7. Afrikal\u0131 Devlet Adamlar\u0131 Zirvesi\u2019nde, k\u0131tan\u0131n en do\u011fusundaki Cibuti\u2019den en bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki Senegal\u2019e kadar uzanan ve uzunlu\u011fu 7 bin 600 ile 8 bin km. aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen hat \u00fczerinde ve 15 km. \u00e7ap\u0131nda B\u00fcy\u00fck Ye\u015fil Duvar kurulmas\u0131, yani yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 milyon hektarl\u0131k devasa alan\u0131n a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fcndeme geldi. 11 \u00fclkenin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7ecek bu proje kapsam\u0131nda onlar\u0131 \u00e7evreleyenler de dahil 20 kadar devletin yak\u0131n takibine girdi.<\/span><\/p>

Projenin ilk hesaplamalara g\u00f6re maliyeti 8 milyar dolard\u0131. Bu B\u00fcy\u00fck Ye\u015fil Duvar i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanan projenin 2007 y\u0131l\u0131 ocak ay\u0131nda yine ayn\u0131 ba\u015fkentte bulu\u015fan ve Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131m\u0131z Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde \u015feref konu\u011fu olarak davet edildi\u011fi 8. Afrika Birli\u011fi Zirvesi\u2019nde de hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi nihai \u015feklini ald\u0131. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l veya bir sonraki sene her \u00fclke kendi imkanlar\u0131 ile a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rma faaliyetine ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

OKS\u0130YEN KAYNA\u011eI<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Asl\u0131nda bu projenin Uzakdo\u011fu Asya\u2019dan ba\u015flay\u0131p \u00c7in, Hindistan, \u0130ran ve G\u00fcney Arabistan \u00fczerinden Afrika\u2019da uzan\u0131p Cibuti\u2019ye ve oradan da Senegal\u2019e kadar devam ettirilmesini isteyenler de var. Bu hat \u00fczerindeki 30 \u00fclkenin her birinde \u00fc\u00e7er \u015fehir belirlenip bunlar\u0131n a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla d\u00fcnya karbondioksit birikintisinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131ndan kurtulacak. Sadece Afrika B\u00fcy\u00fck Ye\u015fil Duvar\u0131 sayesinde 250 milyon ton karbon bu a\u011fa\u00e7lar sayesinde emilmi\u015f olacak.<\/span><\/p>

B\u00fcy\u00fck Duvar Projesi\u2019nin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n temel amac\u0131, k\u0131tada giderek geni\u015fleyen B\u00fcy\u00fck Sahra \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn daha g\u00fcneye do\u011fru ilerlemesini bir \u015fekilde durdurmakt\u0131. Haliyle Sahra-Sahel hatt\u0131ndaki ekosistemi yeniden canland\u0131rmak da hedefler aras\u0131nda. 1960-1993 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda k\u0131tada yeterli ya\u011fmur ya\u011fmamas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131tl\u0131k ve a\u00e7l\u0131k \u00e7ekildi. 1994 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgede ya\u011f\u0131\u015flarda ciddi art\u0131\u015flar oldu. Art\u0131k bu proje sayesinde 10 milyondan fazla insana ciddi istihdam alan\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lacak.<\/span><\/p>

2007\u2019den itibaren aradan ge\u00e7en 13 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde projenin hedeflenen miktar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 20\u2019si ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. 2030\u2019da ise b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda tamamlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in B\u00fcy\u00fck Ye\u015fil Duvar\u2019\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7en \u00fclkelerde a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na devam ediliyor. Ayn\u0131 zamanda Afrika Birli\u011fi himayesindeki bu devasa projenin ortaklar\u0131 ars\u0131nda Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler ile D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 da bulunuyor. Ger\u00e7i tamamlanmas\u0131 durumunda sadece k\u0131tan\u0131n de\u011fil, t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyan\u0131n faydalanaca\u011f\u0131 bir te\u015febb\u00fcs oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in imk\u00e2n\u0131 olan her \u00fclkenin ister Asya\u2019dan, ister Amerika\u2019dan ve de Avrupa\u2019dan olsun buna destek verip bir an evvel bitirilmesi gerekiyor.<\/span><\/p>

AFR\u0130KA\u2019NIN CAN S\u0130M\u0130D\u0130 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

B\u00f6lgenin iklim \u015fartlar\u0131na uygun Senegal akasyas\u0131, mango, \u00e7\u00f6l hurmas\u0131 ve benzeri 20 farkl\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fit a\u011fa\u00e7tan bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n meyvesi, zamk\u0131, ya\u011f\u0131 ve k\u00fcspesi gibi daha ba\u015fkaca ama\u00e7larla da kullan\u0131larak istifade edilebilecek. Her ne kadar b\u00f6lgedeki ba\u015f\u0131bo\u015f hayvanlar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden dikilen a\u011fa\u00e7lara bazen ciddi zararlar verilse de bu projenin her ne pahas\u0131na olursa olsun tamamlanmas\u0131n\u0131 herkes d\u00f6rt g\u00f6zle bekliyor. Kad\u0131n erkek herkes a\u011fa\u00e7 dikimine \u00fccret mukabili \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak kat\u0131l\u0131yor. A\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesine epeyce katk\u0131s\u0131 olacak proje, b\u00f6ylece b\u00f6lgeden g\u00f6\u00e7lerin de \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc mutlaka kesecek. K\u00fcresel iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini durduraca\u011f\u0131 ise ciddi oranda bir beklenti. Hatta yakla\u015f\u0131k 8 derecelik bir hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimine tesir edece\u011fi hesaplan\u0131yor. Temiz su temini, hava kirlili\u011finin \u00f6nlenmesi, fakirlikle m\u00fccadele gibi faydalar\u0131 da herkes\u00e7e kabul ediliyor.<\/span><\/p>

KADDAF\u0130\u2019N\u0130N \u00c7ILGIN PROJELER\u0130<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

\u00d6zellikle Muammer Kaddafi\u2019nin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti\u011fi tamam\u0131 Afrika Birli\u011fi\u2019nin tabii \u00fcyesi \u00fclkelerini kapsayacak Afrika Bankas\u0131 ve Para Birli\u011fi te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn 2014\u2019te y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi projesi uygulama safhas\u0131na girmek \u00fczereyken \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle iptal edildi. Yine Kuzey Afrika\u2019n\u0131n B\u00fcy\u00fck Sahra \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc ile \u00e7evrili olacak Sahra Otoyolu projesi de onun deste\u011fiyle epeyce ilerlese bile hen\u00fcz yeterli denecek seviyeye gelmedi. Belki sadece Libya\u2019n\u0131n de\u011fil, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n d\u00fcnyadaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck projelerinden biri kabul edilen Sahra yeralt\u0131 sular\u0131n\u0131n Akdeniz sahilinde yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6letlere yapay nehirlerle ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f oldu. Be\u015f farkl\u0131 noktadan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan sular\u0131n her biri 7 metre uzunlu\u011funda ve 4 metre \u00e7ap\u0131nda 1.5 milyon boru d\u00f6\u015fenerek binlerce kilometreden ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131yordu. Yine onun a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131srar\u0131yla Afrika Birli\u011fi Te\u015fkilat\u0131 ad\u0131 da Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00f6rnek al\u0131narak 2002\u2019de Afrika Birli\u011fi\u2019ne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck maddi destek veren \u00fcye \u00fclkelerden biriydi.<\/span><\/p>

AFR\u0130KA G\u00dcNDEM\u0130NDEN\u2026<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

* Namibya, yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 y\u0131l s\u00fcren m\u00fczakerelerin ard\u0131ndan ABD'ye k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 et ihra\u00e7 eden ilk Afrika \u00fclkesi oldu. Devlete ait bir et \u015firketi olan Meatco, 2025 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar 5 bin ton s\u0131\u011f\u0131r eti ihra\u00e7 edecek.<\/span>
* IMF, 2019'da y\u00fczde 6.3 b\u00fcy\u00fcyen Tanzanya ekonomisinin salg\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 2020'de y\u00fczde 2 gerileyece\u011fini tahmin ediyor. Fakat Tanzanya'da b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin bel kemi\u011fi olan altyap\u0131 projelerinde herhangi bir yava\u015flama g\u00f6stergesi bulunmuyor.<\/span>
* Cezayir\u2019in Vahran \u015fehrinde demir ve \u00e7elik kompleksi bulunan Tosyal\u0131 Holding, hidrokarbon sekt\u00f6r\u00fc i\u00e7in \u00e7elik boru \u00fcretiminde uluslararas\u0131 standartlara uygunluk belgesi ald\u0131.<\/span>
* G\u00fcney Afrika'da Vodacom Telekom\u00fcnikasyon \u015firketi 5G mobil a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 3 \u015fehirde kurdu. Bu vesileyle 5G mobil a\u011f\u0131 Afrika'da ilk kez G\u00fcney Afrika'da kurulmu\u015f oldu.<\/span>
* D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131, Tunus\u2019a Covid-19'la m\u00fccadele kapsam\u0131nda sa\u011fl\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc desteklemek i\u00e7in 20 milyon dolarl\u0131k finansal yard\u0131m verece\u011fini duyurdu. Tunus, 2020 Nisan ay\u0131nda 15 milyon dolar olmak \u00fczere toplamda 35 milyon dolar finansal yard\u0131m alm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/span>
* Orta Afrika Cumhuriyeti'ne IMF taraf\u0131ndan koronavir\u00fcs ile m\u00fccadele kapsam\u0131nda 38 milyon dolarl\u0131k yard\u0131m \u00f6demesi yap\u0131lacak.<\/span>
* Madagaskar'\u0131n \u00fcretti\u011fi Covid-19 ilac\u0131 talep edilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Tanzanya ve Komorlar vir\u00fcs tedavisi i\u00e7in Madagaskar\u2019dan ila\u00e7 talebinde bulundu\u011funu do\u011frulad\u0131.<\/span>
* M\u0131s\u0131r, Etiyopya'n\u0131n \u2018B\u00fcy\u00fck Etiyopya R\u00f6nesans Baraj\u0131\u2019 hidroelektrik projesini \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki haziran ve temmuz aylar\u0131nda rezervuarlar\u0131 doldurma plan\u0131n\u0131 protesto etmek i\u00e7in BM G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi'ne bir \u015fikayet mektubu sundu.<\/span><\/p> \t\t\t\t","slug":"buyuk-yesil-duvarin-yuzde-20si-tamamlandi","tags":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","meta_title":"B\u00fcy\u00fck Ye\u015fil Duvar\u2019\u0131n y\u00fczde 20\u2019si tamamland\u0131","meta_description":"Prof. Dr. Ahmet Kavas","meta_keywords":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","news_cover_min":null,"news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"view_count":1266,"cropped_1200x675":null,"user":{"id":30,"name":"AHMET","surname":"KAVAS","email":"prof-dr-ahmet-kavas@gmail.com","slug":"prof-dr-ahmet-kavas","avatar":"\/front\/uploads\/avatar\/17336916002RXDhDXyMw3kEXW.webp","status":1,"role":1,"email_verified_at":null,"orde":null,"created_at":"2022-10-24T11:09:13.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-18T09:44:44.000000Z","seo_title":null,"seo_description":null},"translations":[{"id":22302,"is_featured":0,"is_amp":0,"is_ads":0,"ads_link":null,"post_id":22203,"locale":"tr","category_id":73,"title":"B\u00fcy\u00fck Ye\u015fil Duvar\u2019\u0131n y\u00fczde 20\u2019si tamamland\u0131","home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"subtitleuse":0,"description":null,"content":" \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t

* K\u0131tan\u0131n en do\u011fusundaki Cibuti\u2019den en bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki Senegal\u2019e kadar 8 bin km uzunlu\u011fundaki B\u00fcy\u00fck Ye\u015fil Duvar\u2019\u0131n y\u00fczde 20\u2019si ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. 11 \u00fclkenin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 milyon hektarl\u0131k alan\u0131n a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren projenin 2030\u2019da tamamlanmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

* Projenin temel amac\u0131, k\u0131tada giderek geni\u015fleyen B\u00fcy\u00fck Sahra \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn daha g\u00fcneye do\u011fru ilerlemesini bir \u015fekilde durdurmakt\u0131. Ger\u00e7i tamamlanmas\u0131 durumunda k\u00fcresel iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini de yava\u015flataca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyan\u0131n faydalanaca\u011f\u0131 te\u015febb\u00fcs konumunda. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Prof. Dr. Ahmet Kavas<\/strong><\/span>
<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Afrika sahillerinin Avrupal\u0131 k\u00f6le tacirleriyle 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren \u00e7epe\u00e7evre ku\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda h\u0131z kazanan s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik faaliyetleri ile de t\u00fcm geleneksel ileti\u015fim a\u011flar\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m kopar\u0131l\u0131p yok edildi. Tarihi ticaret kervan yollar\u0131 ile \u0130slamiyet sonras\u0131 \u015fekillenen hac g\u00fczerg\u00e2hlar\u0131 birer birer haf\u0131zalardan silindi. Ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa aktar\u0131lan bu ticaret ve hac yollar\u0131 a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131, 1885 y\u0131l\u0131 \u015fubat ay\u0131nda tamamlanan Berlin Konferans\u0131 kararlar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00e7\u00f6kertildi. Her bir b\u00f6lge kimin pay\u0131na ayr\u0131ld\u0131ysa o s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci \u00fclkenin kapal\u0131 bir alan\u0131na \u00e7evrildi. 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l Afrika\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inden bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00e7\u0131kamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeleri bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc takip edememesinin ana sebebi budur.<\/span><\/p>

\u015eayet bir an evvel Afrika\u2019n\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki tabii ileti\u015fim a\u011flar\u0131 yeniden kurulamazsa t\u00fcm \u00fclkeler gelecekte daha karamsar d\u00f6nemlere ge\u00e7ecekler demektir. Her ne kadar kendi s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerinden azami fayda temini i\u00e7in ba\u015fta Fransa ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin bu k\u0131tada kurduklar\u0131 demiryolu ve karayolu a\u011flar\u0131 varsa da bunlar yerel halk\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re yap\u0131lmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok yetersiz kald\u0131lar. Mesela t\u00fcm su havas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 90\u2019dan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 son 60 y\u0131lda kaybeden \u00c7ad G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc Kongo Nehri sular\u0131yla destekleme fikri hen\u00fcz uygulanabilir bir projeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmedi.<\/span><\/p>

\u00c7\u00d6LLE\u015eMEY\u0130 DURDURACAK <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Bug\u00fcn acaba kimler bundan ka\u00e7 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce Nijer\u2019de dinazorlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyor? Bu \u00fclkede Ingal kasabas\u0131 ve \u00e7evresinde hayvanlar aleminin bu dev c\u00fcsseli hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131n iskeletleri bol miktarda bulunuyor. O halde bu canl\u0131lara yetecek ye\u015fillikler bu co\u011frafyan\u0131n bir ger\u00e7e\u011fi idi. Belki de art\u0131k varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 efsaneden ibaret kay\u0131p k\u0131ta Atlantis B\u00fcy\u00fck Sahra\u2019n\u0131n merkezinde bu \u00e7evrede yer al\u0131yordu, hatta Tuareg toplumu da oran\u0131n halklar\u0131ndan geriye kalanlard\u0131. Kabul edilmesi gereken bir ger\u00e7ek varsa o da d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bu b\u00f6lgesindeki \u00e7\u00f6lle\u015fmenin durdurulmas\u0131n\u0131n imk\u00e2n dahilinde bir zaruret oldu\u011fudur. K\u0131tan\u0131n nimetlerini t\u00fcketen \u00e7ok uluslu d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7ler az da olsa bu konuyu g\u00fcndemlerine alsalar da bunu Afrikal\u0131lar projelendirip uygulamaya ald\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda Etiyopya\u2019n\u0131n merkezi Addis Ababa\u2019da toplanan 7. Afrikal\u0131 Devlet Adamlar\u0131 Zirvesi\u2019nde, k\u0131tan\u0131n en do\u011fusundaki Cibuti\u2019den en bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki Senegal\u2019e kadar uzanan ve uzunlu\u011fu 7 bin 600 ile 8 bin km. aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen hat \u00fczerinde ve 15 km. \u00e7ap\u0131nda B\u00fcy\u00fck Ye\u015fil Duvar kurulmas\u0131, yani yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 milyon hektarl\u0131k devasa alan\u0131n a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fcndeme geldi. 11 \u00fclkenin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7ecek bu proje kapsam\u0131nda onlar\u0131 \u00e7evreleyenler de dahil 20 kadar devletin yak\u0131n takibine girdi.<\/span><\/p>

Projenin ilk hesaplamalara g\u00f6re maliyeti 8 milyar dolard\u0131. Bu B\u00fcy\u00fck Ye\u015fil Duvar i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanan projenin 2007 y\u0131l\u0131 ocak ay\u0131nda yine ayn\u0131 ba\u015fkentte bulu\u015fan ve Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131m\u0131z Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde \u015feref konu\u011fu olarak davet edildi\u011fi 8. Afrika Birli\u011fi Zirvesi\u2019nde de hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi nihai \u015feklini ald\u0131. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l veya bir sonraki sene her \u00fclke kendi imkanlar\u0131 ile a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rma faaliyetine ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

OKS\u0130YEN KAYNA\u011eI<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Asl\u0131nda bu projenin Uzakdo\u011fu Asya\u2019dan ba\u015flay\u0131p \u00c7in, Hindistan, \u0130ran ve G\u00fcney Arabistan \u00fczerinden Afrika\u2019da uzan\u0131p Cibuti\u2019ye ve oradan da Senegal\u2019e kadar devam ettirilmesini isteyenler de var. Bu hat \u00fczerindeki 30 \u00fclkenin her birinde \u00fc\u00e7er \u015fehir belirlenip bunlar\u0131n a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla d\u00fcnya karbondioksit birikintisinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131ndan kurtulacak. Sadece Afrika B\u00fcy\u00fck Ye\u015fil Duvar\u0131 sayesinde 250 milyon ton karbon bu a\u011fa\u00e7lar sayesinde emilmi\u015f olacak.<\/span><\/p>

B\u00fcy\u00fck Duvar Projesi\u2019nin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n temel amac\u0131, k\u0131tada giderek geni\u015fleyen B\u00fcy\u00fck Sahra \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn daha g\u00fcneye do\u011fru ilerlemesini bir \u015fekilde durdurmakt\u0131. Haliyle Sahra-Sahel hatt\u0131ndaki ekosistemi yeniden canland\u0131rmak da hedefler aras\u0131nda. 1960-1993 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda k\u0131tada yeterli ya\u011fmur ya\u011fmamas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131tl\u0131k ve a\u00e7l\u0131k \u00e7ekildi. 1994 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgede ya\u011f\u0131\u015flarda ciddi art\u0131\u015flar oldu. Art\u0131k bu proje sayesinde 10 milyondan fazla insana ciddi istihdam alan\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lacak.<\/span><\/p>

2007\u2019den itibaren aradan ge\u00e7en 13 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde projenin hedeflenen miktar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 20\u2019si ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. 2030\u2019da ise b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda tamamlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in B\u00fcy\u00fck Ye\u015fil Duvar\u2019\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7en \u00fclkelerde a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na devam ediliyor. Ayn\u0131 zamanda Afrika Birli\u011fi himayesindeki bu devasa projenin ortaklar\u0131 ars\u0131nda Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler ile D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 da bulunuyor. Ger\u00e7i tamamlanmas\u0131 durumunda sadece k\u0131tan\u0131n de\u011fil, t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyan\u0131n faydalanaca\u011f\u0131 bir te\u015febb\u00fcs oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in imk\u00e2n\u0131 olan her \u00fclkenin ister Asya\u2019dan, ister Amerika\u2019dan ve de Avrupa\u2019dan olsun buna destek verip bir an evvel bitirilmesi gerekiyor.<\/span><\/p>

AFR\u0130KA\u2019NIN CAN S\u0130M\u0130D\u0130 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

B\u00f6lgenin iklim \u015fartlar\u0131na uygun Senegal akasyas\u0131, mango, \u00e7\u00f6l hurmas\u0131 ve benzeri 20 farkl\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fit a\u011fa\u00e7tan bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n meyvesi, zamk\u0131, ya\u011f\u0131 ve k\u00fcspesi gibi daha ba\u015fkaca ama\u00e7larla da kullan\u0131larak istifade edilebilecek. Her ne kadar b\u00f6lgedeki ba\u015f\u0131bo\u015f hayvanlar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden dikilen a\u011fa\u00e7lara bazen ciddi zararlar verilse de bu projenin her ne pahas\u0131na olursa olsun tamamlanmas\u0131n\u0131 herkes d\u00f6rt g\u00f6zle bekliyor. Kad\u0131n erkek herkes a\u011fa\u00e7 dikimine \u00fccret mukabili \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak kat\u0131l\u0131yor. A\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesine epeyce katk\u0131s\u0131 olacak proje, b\u00f6ylece b\u00f6lgeden g\u00f6\u00e7lerin de \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc mutlaka kesecek. K\u00fcresel iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini durduraca\u011f\u0131 ise ciddi oranda bir beklenti. Hatta yakla\u015f\u0131k 8 derecelik bir hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimine tesir edece\u011fi hesaplan\u0131yor. Temiz su temini, hava kirlili\u011finin \u00f6nlenmesi, fakirlikle m\u00fccadele gibi faydalar\u0131 da herkes\u00e7e kabul ediliyor.<\/span><\/p>

KADDAF\u0130\u2019N\u0130N \u00c7ILGIN PROJELER\u0130<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

\u00d6zellikle Muammer Kaddafi\u2019nin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti\u011fi tamam\u0131 Afrika Birli\u011fi\u2019nin tabii \u00fcyesi \u00fclkelerini kapsayacak Afrika Bankas\u0131 ve Para Birli\u011fi te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn 2014\u2019te y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi projesi uygulama safhas\u0131na girmek \u00fczereyken \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle iptal edildi. Yine Kuzey Afrika\u2019n\u0131n B\u00fcy\u00fck Sahra \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc ile \u00e7evrili olacak Sahra Otoyolu projesi de onun deste\u011fiyle epeyce ilerlese bile hen\u00fcz yeterli denecek seviyeye gelmedi. Belki sadece Libya\u2019n\u0131n de\u011fil, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n d\u00fcnyadaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck projelerinden biri kabul edilen Sahra yeralt\u0131 sular\u0131n\u0131n Akdeniz sahilinde yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6letlere yapay nehirlerle ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f oldu. Be\u015f farkl\u0131 noktadan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan sular\u0131n her biri 7 metre uzunlu\u011funda ve 4 metre \u00e7ap\u0131nda 1.5 milyon boru d\u00f6\u015fenerek binlerce kilometreden ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131yordu. Yine onun a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131srar\u0131yla Afrika Birli\u011fi Te\u015fkilat\u0131 ad\u0131 da Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00f6rnek al\u0131narak 2002\u2019de Afrika Birli\u011fi\u2019ne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck maddi destek veren \u00fcye \u00fclkelerden biriydi.<\/span><\/p>

AFR\u0130KA G\u00dcNDEM\u0130NDEN\u2026<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

* Namibya, yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 y\u0131l s\u00fcren m\u00fczakerelerin ard\u0131ndan ABD'ye k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 et ihra\u00e7 eden ilk Afrika \u00fclkesi oldu. Devlete ait bir et \u015firketi olan Meatco, 2025 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar 5 bin ton s\u0131\u011f\u0131r eti ihra\u00e7 edecek.<\/span>
* IMF, 2019'da y\u00fczde 6.3 b\u00fcy\u00fcyen Tanzanya ekonomisinin salg\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 2020'de y\u00fczde 2 gerileyece\u011fini tahmin ediyor. Fakat Tanzanya'da b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin bel kemi\u011fi olan altyap\u0131 projelerinde herhangi bir yava\u015flama g\u00f6stergesi bulunmuyor.<\/span>
* Cezayir\u2019in Vahran \u015fehrinde demir ve \u00e7elik kompleksi bulunan Tosyal\u0131 Holding, hidrokarbon sekt\u00f6r\u00fc i\u00e7in \u00e7elik boru \u00fcretiminde uluslararas\u0131 standartlara uygunluk belgesi ald\u0131.<\/span>
* G\u00fcney Afrika'da Vodacom Telekom\u00fcnikasyon \u015firketi 5G mobil a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 3 \u015fehirde kurdu. Bu vesileyle 5G mobil a\u011f\u0131 Afrika'da ilk kez G\u00fcney Afrika'da kurulmu\u015f oldu.<\/span>
* D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131, Tunus\u2019a Covid-19'la m\u00fccadele kapsam\u0131nda sa\u011fl\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc desteklemek i\u00e7in 20 milyon dolarl\u0131k finansal yard\u0131m verece\u011fini duyurdu. Tunus, 2020 Nisan ay\u0131nda 15 milyon dolar olmak \u00fczere toplamda 35 milyon dolar finansal yard\u0131m alm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/span>
* Orta Afrika Cumhuriyeti'ne IMF taraf\u0131ndan koronavir\u00fcs ile m\u00fccadele kapsam\u0131nda 38 milyon dolarl\u0131k yard\u0131m \u00f6demesi yap\u0131lacak.<\/span>
* Madagaskar'\u0131n \u00fcretti\u011fi Covid-19 ilac\u0131 talep edilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Tanzanya ve Komorlar vir\u00fcs tedavisi i\u00e7in Madagaskar\u2019dan ila\u00e7 talebinde bulundu\u011funu do\u011frulad\u0131.<\/span>
* M\u0131s\u0131r, Etiyopya'n\u0131n \u2018B\u00fcy\u00fck Etiyopya R\u00f6nesans Baraj\u0131\u2019 hidroelektrik projesini \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki haziran ve temmuz aylar\u0131nda rezervuarlar\u0131 doldurma plan\u0131n\u0131 protesto etmek i\u00e7in BM G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi'ne bir \u015fikayet mektubu sundu.<\/span><\/p> \t\t\t\t","slug":"buyuk-yesil-duvarin-yuzde-20si-tamamlandi","orjinalimage":null,"news_cover_min":null,"news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"cropped_638x552":null,"cropped_310x208":null,"cropped_416x247":null,"cropped_197x247":null,"cropped_416x600":null,"cropped_1200x675":null,"tags":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","meta_title":"B\u00fcy\u00fck Ye\u015fil Duvar\u2019\u0131n y\u00fczde 20\u2019si tamamland\u0131","meta_description":"Prof. Dr. Ahmet Kavas","meta_keywords":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","view_count":1266,"yt":0,"ytid":"","ytimage":null,"imgdate":"2000-01-01 00:00:00","cuff_cover":null,"cropped_358x214":null,"cropped_842x474":null}]}}