<\/p>
Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin ba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi s\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6nemi sona ererken; Rusya, Hindistan ve ABD ata\u011f\u0131na maruz kalan Afrika\u2019da \u015fimdi iki \u00fclke \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. \u00c7in, k\u0131tada uzun s\u00fcredir att\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131mlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yeni yeni al\u0131rken, T\u00fcrkiye diplomasiden savunmaya, ticaretten e\u011fitime bir\u00e7ok alanda avantaj elde etmi\u015f durumda.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> <\/span>GE\u00c7EN y\u00fczy\u0131lda Afrika k\u0131tas\u0131ndan bahsedildi\u011finde, Liberya hari\u00e7 Afrika \u00fclkelerinin adlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na 7 Avrupa \u00fclkesinden birinin ad\u0131 ilave edilirdi. Frans\u0131z s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi Mali, Senegal veya Cibuti ya da \u0130ngiliz s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi Kenya, Nijerya veya Sudan gibi. Hatta Frans\u0131z, \u0130ngiliz, Alman, Bel\u00e7ika, \u0130talyan, Portekiz ya da \u0130spanyol Afrikas\u0131 denirdi. 21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda bu \u015fekilde bir isimlendirilmeden bahsedilmeyecek. Afrika art\u0131k T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin, \u00c7in\u2019in, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n ya da Hindistan\u2019\u0131n daha fazla etkin oldu\u011fu alanlar ve b\u00f6lgelerle g\u00fcndeme gelecek.<\/span><\/p> K\u0131tada ya\u015fanan de\u011fi\u015fim ve yeni akt\u00f6rler raporlara da yans\u0131yor. Fransa\u2019da faal Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkiler ve Strateji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (IRIS) taraf\u0131ndan aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda \u2018Afrika K\u0131tas\u0131nda \u00c7in-T\u00fcrkiye Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Rekabeti\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir rapor yay\u0131nland\u0131. Fransa\u2019n\u0131n bu co\u011frafyada giderek n\u00fcfuzunu yitirdi\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemden ge\u00e7iriyoruz.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u00d6NDE GELEN AKT\u00d6RLER\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u00d6te yandan, ge\u00e7en onlarca y\u0131lda Hindistan, \u00c7in ve Sovyetler Birli\u011fi ile ABD\u2019nin Afrika\u2019da Bat\u0131l\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci devletlerin etkinliklerini k\u0131r\u0131p, bir anlamda kendi varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yerle\u015ftirdikleri s\u00fcre\u00e7ler ya\u015fand\u0131. Ne var ki, Sovyetlerin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131yla yerini alan Rusya sahadan epeyce uzakla\u015ft\u0131. ABD ise bu k\u0131tayla ilgili siyasetini bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc istedi\u011fi seviyeye ula\u015ft\u0131ramad\u0131. Hindistan\u2019\u0131n daha ziyade \u0130ngilizce konu\u015fulan \u00fclkelerde 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00fcst\u00fcn konumu \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden \u00c7in taraf\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ildi. Bunun sebebi, \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nin \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7eyrek as\u0131rd\u0131r takip etti\u011fi d\u0131\u015f siyasetiyle a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p> Pekin y\u00f6netimi, \u00f6nce \u00fclkesine devlet kontrol\u00fcnde yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ekti. Ard\u0131ndan ithal etti\u011fi hammadde kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcp yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ihra\u00e7 \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak pazarlad\u0131. En son ba\u015fta Afrika olmak \u00fczere imk\u00e2n buldu\u011fu her co\u011frafyada \u00f6zel m\u00fcte\u015febbislerin ve devlet kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 genelde finans temin ederek te\u015fvik etti. Afrikal\u0131lar\u0131n giderek artan talepleri ve bunlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamakta zorlanan Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerin etkin oldu\u011fu her alanda giderek varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> 21. Y\u00dcZYIL YEN\u0130 BA\u015eLANGI\u00c7<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> Afrika \u00fclkeleriyle kurulan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yat\u0131r\u0131m, ticaret ve di\u011fer etkile\u015fimlerde 2000\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131, \u00f6ncesinden ay\u0131rmak gerekir. Bu durum sadece T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye mahsus de\u011fil. Bu k\u0131taya ilgi duyan hemen hemen her \u00fclke i\u00e7in 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l yeni bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7t\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p> Sovyetlerin Afrika\u2019daki etkisinin k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren rahatlayan k\u0131ta \u00fclkelerinin \u00c7in dahil olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok yeni ortaklar arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6neme ge\u00e7ildi. 1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda Turgut \u00d6zal ile ba\u015flat\u0131lan d\u0131\u015f siyasetteki yeni hamleler, maalesef 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda devam ettirilemedi. D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde t\u00fcm Sahraalt\u0131 Afrika ile Uzakdo\u011fu masas\u0131 bir arada y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yordu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p> 1974 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u0131br\u0131s Harekat\u0131 sebebiyle tecrit edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye, Libya beklenmedik \u015fekilde muazzam bir yak\u0131nl\u0131k g\u00f6sterdi. T\u00fcrk m\u00fcteahhitleri ilk deneyimlerine bu \u00fclkede ba\u015flay\u0131nca burada kazand\u0131klar\u0131 tecr\u00fcbelerini \u00f6nce Ortado\u011fu, pe\u015finden Sovyet sonras\u0131 ondan ayr\u0131lan devasa co\u011frafyaya yaymakta gecikmedi.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> 30 YILDA SONU\u00c7 ALIYORLAR<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u015eimdilerde T\u00fcrkiye ile \u00c7in aras\u0131nda, Afrika genelinde merak eden herkesin art\u0131k rahatl\u0131kla fark etti\u011fi bir varl\u0131k ve buna dayal\u0131 rekabet ortam\u0131 g\u00f6zlemleniyor. Asl\u0131nda \u00c7inlilerin 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda giri\u015ftikleri te\u015febb\u00fcsleri, meyvelerini ancak 30 y\u0131l sonra vermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Eski s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilerin t\u00fcm a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda koruduklar\u0131 k\u0131tadaki etkinlikleri hen\u00fcz ba\u015fka \u00fclkelere zemin a\u00e7acak kadar rahatlamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Fakat 2005 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in Afrika Birli\u011fi\u2019nden d\u00fcnyaya yap\u0131lan davete en samimi cevap veren \u00fclkelerin ba\u015f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye geliyordu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> B\u00dcY\u00dcKEL\u00c7\u0130L\u0130K ATA\u011eI<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> Bu arada Afrika\u00a0<\/strong>ile ikili\u00a0<\/strong>ili\u015fkilerin en \u00f6nemli k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 diplomatik ili\u015fkiler sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Bu anlamda \u00c7in\u2019in, Afrika\u2019n\u0131n tamam\u0131nda, (Esvatini hari\u00e7) 53 \u00fclkede b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fi bulunuyor. Bunu 50 b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilikle ABD, 45 b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilikle Fransa ve 44 b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilikle T\u00fcrkiye takip ediyor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 2009-2022 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda mevcut 12 b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fine ilaveten toplam 32 yeni b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilik a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131tan\u0131n da Ankara\u2019da 38 sefareti bulunuyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u0130nsani yard\u0131mlarda ise T\u00fcrkiye sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131, t\u00fcm Afrika genelinde onlarca farkl\u0131 kurulu\u015fla ve \u00f6zellikle T\u0130KA, Diyanet Vakf\u0131, MAAR\u0130F Vakf\u0131, Yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 T\u00fcrkler ve Akraba Topluluklar Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dahil \u00e7ok say\u0131da kamu kurulu\u015fu ile ihtiya\u00e7 sahiplerine ula\u015f\u0131yor. \u00c7in ise \u00f6zellikle farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerde sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131nda etkinliklere a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k veriyor. \u00c7in, bu k\u0131tada da \u00e7ok say\u0131da Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs Enstit\u00fcleri a\u00e7arak \u00c7ince \u00f6\u011fretimine a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k veriyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> ALTYAPI VE Y\u00dcK\u00dcML\u00dcL\u00dcKLER<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00c7in ile Afrika\u2019daki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda en dikkat \u00e7eken konular aras\u0131nda altyap\u0131 ve di\u011fer m\u00fcteahhitlik alan\u0131nda ya\u015fan\u0131yor. K\u0131ta \u00fclkelerini bor\u00e7land\u0131rarak yap\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131mlarda ya\u015fanan geri \u00f6deme s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden baz\u0131 Afrika \u00fclkeleri daha \u00f6nceden yapt\u0131klar\u0131 anla\u015fmalardan bile geri \u00e7ekilebiliyor. T\u00fcrk i\u015f adamlar\u0131 ise finansman bak\u0131m\u0131ndan rekabetlerinde Japonya ve \u0130ngiltere gibi \u00fclkelerden destek alabiliyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p> Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte adeta rakipsiz olan \u00c7inli \u015firketlerle ayn\u0131 mebla\u011flarda projelere imza atan T\u00fcrkler, \u00f6zellikle i\u015f yapma kalitesi ve vaktinde tamamlayarak verilen s\u00fcreye uymalar\u0131 sebebiyle gittik\u00e7e aranan \u00f6zelliklere sahip. T\u00fcrklerin \u015fantiyelerinde yerel i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem verilmesi ise onlar\u0131 \u00c7inli rakipleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda daha itibarl\u0131 hale getiriyor.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p> ORTAK \u00c7ALI\u015eMALAR VAR<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p> T\u00fcrkiye ile \u00c7in, Afrika genelindeki varl\u0131k ve rekabet konusunda g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr bir yar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde olmakla birlikte bir\u00e7ok T\u00fcrk \u015firketi bu k\u0131ta genelindeki yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131nda \u00c7inli ortaklarla birlikte projelere imza at\u0131yor. \u00d6zellikle \u00f6nemli yat\u0131r\u0131mlarda \u00c7in piyasas\u0131ndan makina ve di\u011fer gerekli malzeme temininde de ciddi miktarlarda sat\u0131n al\u0131mlar yap\u0131yorlar.<\/span><\/p> Yak\u0131n zamana kadar Avrupal\u0131 rakiplerini ge\u00e7en \u00c7in, \u015fimdilerde kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kan T\u00fcrklerle k\u0131tan\u0131n her taraf\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yor; g\u00fcvenlik, savunma sanayi \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131n i\u015fletilmeleri ve altyap\u0131 gibi baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli projelerinden vazge\u00e7mek zorunda kalabiliyor.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> B\u0130LEK G\u00dcRE\u015e\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin, son 25 y\u0131lda adeta bir\u00e7ok Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkeyi geride b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi mevcut kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 sayesinde \u00c7in\u2019e rakip olman\u0131n \u00f6tesinde meydan okudu\u011fu, hatta bilek g\u00fcre\u015fi yapacak seviyede bulundu\u011fu bile s\u00f6yleniyor. Bundan b\u00f6yle Afrika\u2019n\u0131n herhangi bir \u00fclkesindeki havaliman\u0131, demiryolu, karayolu, kamu binas\u0131, enerji \u00fcretimi, g\u0131da sanayi, stadyumlar, l\u00fcks oteller ve al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f merkezlerinin in\u015faat yap\u0131m\u0131, teknoloji transferi konusunda T\u00fcrklerin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nem ya\u015f\u0131yoruz.\u00a0<\/span><\/p> Senegal ve Nijer havalimanlar\u0131n\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131 ve i\u015fletilmesi, h\u0131zl\u0131 tren raylar\u0131n\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131, Tanzanya-Uganda\u2019y\u0131 birle\u015ftiren Malaba-Kampala demiryolu, bir\u00e7ok limana demirleyip enerji \u00fcreten gemiler, Mogadi\u015fu ve Konakri limanlar\u0131 ile g\u00f6z kama\u015ft\u0131ran bir T\u00fcrkiye, d\u00fcnya medyas\u0131nda Afrika ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fen bir \u00fclke konumuna geldi. Wagner\u2019in \u00e7ok say\u0131daki Afrika \u00fclkesinde adeta Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Bar\u0131\u015f G\u00fcc\u00fc yerine konu\u015flanmas\u0131 da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olmad\u0131. \u015eimdilerde \u00c7inlilerin de talip olduklar\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik ve savunma i\u015fbirli\u011fi anla\u015fmalar\u0131nda ibre T\u00fcrk \u015firketlere d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f durumda. \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p> ARABULUCULUK AVANTAJI<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p> T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>Afrika\u2019daki arabuluculuk faaliyetleri de g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc yans\u0131t\u0131yor. Libya\u2019da \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fan taraflar aras\u0131nda 2024 y\u0131l\u0131nda arabuluculuk yap\u0131lmas\u0131, bunu Somali ile Etiyopya aras\u0131nda benzeri bir te\u015febb\u00fcsle devam ettirmesi, bug\u00fcnlerde ise Sudan\u2019da yakla\u015f\u0131k 21 ayd\u0131r \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fan Sudan Milli Ordusu ile H\u0131zl\u0131 Destek Kuvvetleri aras\u0131nda arabuluculuk g\u00f6revleri sayesinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Afrika\u2019da \u00c7in ile rekabetinde yine \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir di\u011fer konu.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p> M\u00dcTEAHH\u0130TL\u0130KTE ATILIM\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p> M\u00fcteahhitlik<\/span>\u00a0sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde d\u00fcnya s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda son y\u0131llarda \u00c7in ile b\u00fcy\u00fck bir rekabet i\u00e7indeki T\u00fcrk \u015firketleri, \u00f6zellikle bunu Afrika genelinde de ya\u015fatarak adeta destan yaz\u0131yor. Bu \u015firketlerin bug\u00fcne kadar 100 milyar dolar\u0131n \u00fczerinde yat\u0131r\u0131m ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeleri, yak\u0131n gelecekte bu sahada da \u00f6nc\u00fc olacaklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p> YEREL D\u0130LDE YAYINLAR<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p> TRT\u2019nin<\/span>\u00a0aralar\u0131nda Sevahili (Swahili) ve Hevsa (Hevsa) gibi Afrika yerel dilleri yan\u0131nda k\u0131tadaki Arap\u00e7a, \u0130ngilizce, Frans\u0131zca ve Portekizce dahil 40\u2019\u0131n \u00fczerinde dilde yay\u0131n yapmas\u0131, Anadolu Ajans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ise 13 farkl\u0131 dildeki yay\u0131nlar\u0131, ileti\u015fim alan\u0131nda Afrikal\u0131lar i\u00e7in do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor. \u00c7in\u2019in Xinhua isimli yay\u0131n kurulu\u015fu ise t\u00fcm a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Kenya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkentindeki Nairobi\u2019deki merkezinden yap\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p> T\u0130CARET HACM\u0130 ARTI\u015eI<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00c7in<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin, Afrika \u00fclkeleriyle ticaret hacmi i\u00e7in ba\u015f ba\u015fa bir rekabetten bahsetmek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok erken. Ancak \u00c7in\u2019in 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llara girerken k\u0131tayla 500 milyon dolara ula\u015fan ticaretini 30 y\u0131l\u0131 biraz a\u015fk\u0131n zamanda 250 milyar dolara \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc al\u0131nacak olursa T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda 5.4 milyar dolarl\u0131k ticaretini 20 y\u0131lda 40 milyar dolar\u0131n \u00fczerine ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131, iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki rekabetteki ayn\u0131 s\u00fcratteki art\u0131\u015f \u00f6nemli bir g\u00f6sterge.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p> HAVACILIKTA A\u00c7IK ARA \u00d6NDE<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> T\u00fcrk<\/span>\u00a0Hava Yollar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 41 Afrika \u00fclkesinde 60\u2019tan fazla noktaya tarifeli u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131 ile havac\u0131l\u0131k alan\u0131nda sadece \u00c7in ile de\u011fil, k\u0131ta d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan gelen di\u011fer \u00fclkelere g\u00f6re de de a\u00e7\u0131k ara \u00f6nde bulunuyor.<\/span><\/p>","slug":"afrikada-turkiye-cin-rekabeti-2025-Ocak-16","tags":null,"meta_title":"Afrika\u2019da T\u00fcrkiye-\u00c7in rekabeti","meta_description":"PROF. DR. AHMET KAVAS","meta_keywords":null,"news_cover_min":null,"news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"view_count":0,"cropped_1200x675":null,"user":{"id":30,"name":"AHMET","surname":"KAVAS","email":"prof-dr-ahmet-kavas@gmail.com","slug":"prof-dr-ahmet-kavas","avatar":"\/front\/uploads\/avatar\/17336916002RXDhDXyMw3kEXW.webp","status":1,"role":1,"email_verified_at":null,"orde":null,"created_at":"2022-10-24T11:09:13.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-18T09:44:44.000000Z","seo_title":null,"seo_description":null},"translations":[{"id":60602,"is_featured":0,"is_amp":0,"is_ads":0,"ads_link":null,"post_id":60476,"locale":"tr","category_id":73,"title":"Afrika\u2019da T\u00fcrkiye-\u00c7in rekabeti","home_title":"Afrika\u2019da T\u00fcrkiye-\u00c7in rekabeti","sub_title":null,"slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"subtitleuse":0,"description":"PROF. DR. AHMET KAVAS","content":" Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin ba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi s\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6nemi sona ererken; Rusya, Hindistan ve ABD ata\u011f\u0131na maruz kalan Afrika\u2019da \u015fimdi iki \u00fclke \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. \u00c7in, k\u0131tada uzun s\u00fcredir att\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131mlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yeni yeni al\u0131rken, T\u00fcrkiye diplomasiden savunmaya, ticaretten e\u011fitime bir\u00e7ok alanda avantaj elde etmi\u015f durumda.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> <\/span>GE\u00c7EN y\u00fczy\u0131lda Afrika k\u0131tas\u0131ndan bahsedildi\u011finde, Liberya hari\u00e7 Afrika \u00fclkelerinin adlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na 7 Avrupa \u00fclkesinden birinin ad\u0131 ilave edilirdi. Frans\u0131z s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi Mali, Senegal veya Cibuti ya da \u0130ngiliz s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi Kenya, Nijerya veya Sudan gibi. Hatta Frans\u0131z, \u0130ngiliz, Alman, Bel\u00e7ika, \u0130talyan, Portekiz ya da \u0130spanyol Afrikas\u0131 denirdi. 21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda bu \u015fekilde bir isimlendirilmeden bahsedilmeyecek. Afrika art\u0131k T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin, \u00c7in\u2019in, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n ya da Hindistan\u2019\u0131n daha fazla etkin oldu\u011fu alanlar ve b\u00f6lgelerle g\u00fcndeme gelecek.<\/span><\/p> K\u0131tada ya\u015fanan de\u011fi\u015fim ve yeni akt\u00f6rler raporlara da yans\u0131yor. Fransa\u2019da faal Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkiler ve Strateji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (IRIS) taraf\u0131ndan aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda \u2018Afrika K\u0131tas\u0131nda \u00c7in-T\u00fcrkiye Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Rekabeti\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir rapor yay\u0131nland\u0131. Fransa\u2019n\u0131n bu co\u011frafyada giderek n\u00fcfuzunu yitirdi\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemden ge\u00e7iriyoruz.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u00d6NDE GELEN AKT\u00d6RLER\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u00d6te yandan, ge\u00e7en onlarca y\u0131lda Hindistan, \u00c7in ve Sovyetler Birli\u011fi ile ABD\u2019nin Afrika\u2019da Bat\u0131l\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci devletlerin etkinliklerini k\u0131r\u0131p, bir anlamda kendi varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yerle\u015ftirdikleri s\u00fcre\u00e7ler ya\u015fand\u0131. Ne var ki, Sovyetlerin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131yla yerini alan Rusya sahadan epeyce uzakla\u015ft\u0131. ABD ise bu k\u0131tayla ilgili siyasetini bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc istedi\u011fi seviyeye ula\u015ft\u0131ramad\u0131. Hindistan\u2019\u0131n daha ziyade \u0130ngilizce konu\u015fulan \u00fclkelerde 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00fcst\u00fcn konumu \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden \u00c7in taraf\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ildi. Bunun sebebi, \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nin \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7eyrek as\u0131rd\u0131r takip etti\u011fi d\u0131\u015f siyasetiyle a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p> Pekin y\u00f6netimi, \u00f6nce \u00fclkesine devlet kontrol\u00fcnde yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ekti. Ard\u0131ndan ithal etti\u011fi hammadde kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcp yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ihra\u00e7 \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak pazarlad\u0131. En son ba\u015fta Afrika olmak \u00fczere imk\u00e2n buldu\u011fu her co\u011frafyada \u00f6zel m\u00fcte\u015febbislerin ve devlet kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 genelde finans temin ederek te\u015fvik etti. Afrikal\u0131lar\u0131n giderek artan talepleri ve bunlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamakta zorlanan Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerin etkin oldu\u011fu her alanda giderek varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> 21. Y\u00dcZYIL YEN\u0130 BA\u015eLANGI\u00c7<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> Afrika \u00fclkeleriyle kurulan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yat\u0131r\u0131m, ticaret ve di\u011fer etkile\u015fimlerde 2000\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131, \u00f6ncesinden ay\u0131rmak gerekir. Bu durum sadece T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye mahsus de\u011fil. Bu k\u0131taya ilgi duyan hemen hemen her \u00fclke i\u00e7in 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l yeni bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7t\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p> Sovyetlerin Afrika\u2019daki etkisinin k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren rahatlayan k\u0131ta \u00fclkelerinin \u00c7in dahil olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok yeni ortaklar arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6neme ge\u00e7ildi. 1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda Turgut \u00d6zal ile ba\u015flat\u0131lan d\u0131\u015f siyasetteki yeni hamleler, maalesef 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda devam ettirilemedi. D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde t\u00fcm Sahraalt\u0131 Afrika ile Uzakdo\u011fu masas\u0131 bir arada y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yordu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p> 1974 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u0131br\u0131s Harekat\u0131 sebebiyle tecrit edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye, Libya beklenmedik \u015fekilde muazzam bir yak\u0131nl\u0131k g\u00f6sterdi. T\u00fcrk m\u00fcteahhitleri ilk deneyimlerine bu \u00fclkede ba\u015flay\u0131nca burada kazand\u0131klar\u0131 tecr\u00fcbelerini \u00f6nce Ortado\u011fu, pe\u015finden Sovyet sonras\u0131 ondan ayr\u0131lan devasa co\u011frafyaya yaymakta gecikmedi.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> 30 YILDA SONU\u00c7 ALIYORLAR<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u015eimdilerde T\u00fcrkiye ile \u00c7in aras\u0131nda, Afrika genelinde merak eden herkesin art\u0131k rahatl\u0131kla fark etti\u011fi bir varl\u0131k ve buna dayal\u0131 rekabet ortam\u0131 g\u00f6zlemleniyor. Asl\u0131nda \u00c7inlilerin 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda giri\u015ftikleri te\u015febb\u00fcsleri, meyvelerini ancak 30 y\u0131l sonra vermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Eski s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilerin t\u00fcm a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda koruduklar\u0131 k\u0131tadaki etkinlikleri hen\u00fcz ba\u015fka \u00fclkelere zemin a\u00e7acak kadar rahatlamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Fakat 2005 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in Afrika Birli\u011fi\u2019nden d\u00fcnyaya yap\u0131lan davete en samimi cevap veren \u00fclkelerin ba\u015f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye geliyordu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> B\u00dcY\u00dcKEL\u00c7\u0130L\u0130K ATA\u011eI<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> Bu arada Afrika\u00a0<\/strong>ile ikili\u00a0<\/strong>ili\u015fkilerin en \u00f6nemli k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 diplomatik ili\u015fkiler sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Bu anlamda \u00c7in\u2019in, Afrika\u2019n\u0131n tamam\u0131nda, (Esvatini hari\u00e7) 53 \u00fclkede b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fi bulunuyor. Bunu 50 b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilikle ABD, 45 b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilikle Fransa ve 44 b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilikle T\u00fcrkiye takip ediyor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 2009-2022 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda mevcut 12 b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fine ilaveten toplam 32 yeni b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilik a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131tan\u0131n da Ankara\u2019da 38 sefareti bulunuyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u0130nsani yard\u0131mlarda ise T\u00fcrkiye sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131, t\u00fcm Afrika genelinde onlarca farkl\u0131 kurulu\u015fla ve \u00f6zellikle T\u0130KA, Diyanet Vakf\u0131, MAAR\u0130F Vakf\u0131, Yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 T\u00fcrkler ve Akraba Topluluklar Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dahil \u00e7ok say\u0131da kamu kurulu\u015fu ile ihtiya\u00e7 sahiplerine ula\u015f\u0131yor. \u00c7in ise \u00f6zellikle farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerde sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131nda etkinliklere a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k veriyor. \u00c7in, bu k\u0131tada da \u00e7ok say\u0131da Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs Enstit\u00fcleri a\u00e7arak \u00c7ince \u00f6\u011fretimine a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k veriyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> ALTYAPI VE Y\u00dcK\u00dcML\u00dcL\u00dcKLER<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00c7in ile Afrika\u2019daki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda en dikkat \u00e7eken konular aras\u0131nda altyap\u0131 ve di\u011fer m\u00fcteahhitlik alan\u0131nda ya\u015fan\u0131yor. K\u0131ta \u00fclkelerini bor\u00e7land\u0131rarak yap\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131mlarda ya\u015fanan geri \u00f6deme s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden baz\u0131 Afrika \u00fclkeleri daha \u00f6nceden yapt\u0131klar\u0131 anla\u015fmalardan bile geri \u00e7ekilebiliyor. T\u00fcrk i\u015f adamlar\u0131 ise finansman bak\u0131m\u0131ndan rekabetlerinde Japonya ve \u0130ngiltere gibi \u00fclkelerden destek alabiliyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p> Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte adeta rakipsiz olan \u00c7inli \u015firketlerle ayn\u0131 mebla\u011flarda projelere imza atan T\u00fcrkler, \u00f6zellikle i\u015f yapma kalitesi ve vaktinde tamamlayarak verilen s\u00fcreye uymalar\u0131 sebebiyle gittik\u00e7e aranan \u00f6zelliklere sahip. T\u00fcrklerin \u015fantiyelerinde yerel i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem verilmesi ise onlar\u0131 \u00c7inli rakipleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda daha itibarl\u0131 hale getiriyor.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p> ORTAK \u00c7ALI\u015eMALAR VAR<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p> T\u00fcrkiye ile \u00c7in, Afrika genelindeki varl\u0131k ve rekabet konusunda g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr bir yar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde olmakla birlikte bir\u00e7ok T\u00fcrk \u015firketi bu k\u0131ta genelindeki yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131nda \u00c7inli ortaklarla birlikte projelere imza at\u0131yor. \u00d6zellikle \u00f6nemli yat\u0131r\u0131mlarda \u00c7in piyasas\u0131ndan makina ve di\u011fer gerekli malzeme temininde de ciddi miktarlarda sat\u0131n al\u0131mlar yap\u0131yorlar.<\/span><\/p> Yak\u0131n zamana kadar Avrupal\u0131 rakiplerini ge\u00e7en \u00c7in, \u015fimdilerde kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kan T\u00fcrklerle k\u0131tan\u0131n her taraf\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yor; g\u00fcvenlik, savunma sanayi \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131n i\u015fletilmeleri ve altyap\u0131 gibi baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli projelerinden vazge\u00e7mek zorunda kalabiliyor.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> B\u0130LEK G\u00dcRE\u015e\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin, son 25 y\u0131lda adeta bir\u00e7ok Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkeyi geride b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi mevcut kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 sayesinde \u00c7in\u2019e rakip olman\u0131n \u00f6tesinde meydan okudu\u011fu, hatta bilek g\u00fcre\u015fi yapacak seviyede bulundu\u011fu bile s\u00f6yleniyor. Bundan b\u00f6yle Afrika\u2019n\u0131n herhangi bir \u00fclkesindeki havaliman\u0131, demiryolu, karayolu, kamu binas\u0131, enerji \u00fcretimi, g\u0131da sanayi, stadyumlar, l\u00fcks oteller ve al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f merkezlerinin in\u015faat yap\u0131m\u0131, teknoloji transferi konusunda T\u00fcrklerin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nem ya\u015f\u0131yoruz.\u00a0<\/span><\/p> Senegal ve Nijer havalimanlar\u0131n\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131 ve i\u015fletilmesi, h\u0131zl\u0131 tren raylar\u0131n\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131, Tanzanya-Uganda\u2019y\u0131 birle\u015ftiren Malaba-Kampala demiryolu, bir\u00e7ok limana demirleyip enerji \u00fcreten gemiler, Mogadi\u015fu ve Konakri limanlar\u0131 ile g\u00f6z kama\u015ft\u0131ran bir T\u00fcrkiye, d\u00fcnya medyas\u0131nda Afrika ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fen bir \u00fclke konumuna geldi. Wagner\u2019in \u00e7ok say\u0131daki Afrika \u00fclkesinde adeta Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Bar\u0131\u015f G\u00fcc\u00fc yerine konu\u015flanmas\u0131 da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olmad\u0131. \u015eimdilerde \u00c7inlilerin de talip olduklar\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik ve savunma i\u015fbirli\u011fi anla\u015fmalar\u0131nda ibre T\u00fcrk \u015firketlere d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f durumda. \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p> ARABULUCULUK AVANTAJI<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>
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