{"status":true,"post":{"id":40932,"user_id":30,"status":1,"type":1,"orde":null,"notification_type":3,"static_post":0,"published_at":"2023-06-19 08:19:00","created_at":"2023-06-19T05:19:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2023-06-19T05:19:00.000000Z","edited_at":"2024-12-17 22:35:21","source_id":null,"post_id":40932,"is_featured":0,"title":"50 y\u0131ll\u0131k r\u00fcya Afrika karayollar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131","slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"category_id":73,"description":"PROF. DR. AHMET KAVAS","content":"

S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fin bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131smen de olsa \u00fczerlerinden atmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Afrika\u2019daki yeni devlet adamlar\u0131, hem kendi \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7inde hem de t\u00fcm k\u0131tay\u0131 ba\u015ftan ba\u015fa saran Transafrika Otoyollar\u0131 (Trans African Highways-TAH) ad\u0131yla bir karayolu a\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcndemlerine ald\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Ba\u015fta BM Afrika Ekonomik Konseyi, Afrika Birli\u011fi, Afrika Kalk\u0131nma Bankas\u0131, Ma\u011frip Birli\u011fi, Bat\u0131 Afrika Ekonomik Toplulu\u011fu ve G\u00fcney Afrika Kalk\u0131nma Toplulu\u011fu olmak \u00fczere ilgili kurum ve kurulu\u015flar, bu projeyi uygulamak i\u00e7in 50 y\u0131ld\u0131r i\u015fbirli\u011fi halinde.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>


<\/p>

Bir \u00fclkede ilk dikkati \u00e7eken konulardan biri, karayollar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Hem kendi vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck kulland\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00fczergahlar hem de d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelenlerin yapacaklar\u0131 seyahatlerde hangi \u015fartlarda yolculuk yapacaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek isterler. Afrika\u2019n\u0131n neredeyse tamam\u0131nda devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli g\u00fcndemlerinden biri, mutlaka asfalt yollar\u0131n\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131 bir an evvel ba\u015flatmakt\u0131. S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik s\u00fcrecinin hen\u00fcz devam etti\u011fi 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda, d\u00fcnyada her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn tamamlanan ve bir a\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar maalesef bu k\u0131tada bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc devreye konulamad\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

S\u00d6M\u00dcRGE YOLLARI<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Avrupal\u0131 7 devlet i\u00e7inde \u00f6zellikle \u0130ngilizler ve Frans\u0131zlar, \u00a0Afrika\u2019n\u0131n merkezine do\u011fru ilerledik\u00e7e oralardan kendi \u00fclkelerine ve di\u011fer k\u0131talara gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri her \u015feyi ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in demiryollar\u0131 ve baz\u0131 karayollar\u0131n\u0131 yapma ihtiyac\u0131 hissetti. Bunlar\u0131 k\u0131smen de uygulad\u0131lar.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

H\u00e2l\u00e2 o g\u00fczergahlar, yeni yollar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda y\u00f6n verici oluyor. Cezayir\u2019in ba\u015fkentinden g\u00fcneyindeki Mali ve Nijer\u2019in i\u00e7lerine, Senegal\u2019den de do\u011fuya do\u011fru ilerleyip devasa b\u00f6lgedeki kaynaklar\u0131 limanlara aktaracaklard\u0131. Ama ba\u015fkent Cezayir\u2019den g\u00fcneye inme hedeflerini, yakla\u015f\u0131k bir as\u0131r Sahra toplumlar\u0131n\u0131 ikna edemedikleri i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiremediler.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Ticaret kervanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan Afrika i\u00e7i t\u00fcm g\u00fczergahlar, Avrupal\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci devletlerce b\u00f6lgeler aras\u0131 ge\u00e7i\u015fler yasaklan\u0131nca tarihi yollar k\u0131sa zamanda devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kald\u0131. Sadece kendi menfaatlerine uygun limanlara yak\u0131n yerle\u015fim yerleri \u00e7evresinde yol yap\u0131m\u0131na m\u00fcsaade ettiler. Bunun haricinde t\u00fcm Afrikal\u0131lar\u0131 adeta \u00e7izdikleri yapay s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 devletlerin i\u00e7ine kapatt\u0131lar. \u015eayet kendi s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeleri aras\u0131nda bile karayolu a\u011flar\u0131 kurulsa, buralar k\u0131sa zamanda kalk\u0131nma e\u011filimlerine girecekti. O zaman da kendi idarelerinden kurtulma s\u00fcre\u00e7leri h\u0131zlanacakt\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

1971 YILI M\u0130LAT<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llardaki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadeleleri ve yeni kurulan devletler derhal bu alana el att\u0131.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

1 Temmuz 1971 y\u0131l\u0131 adeta bir milat oldu. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler b\u00fcnyesinde Afrika Ekonomi Komisyonu, \u00f6nemine binaen bir an evvel bu konuyu de\u011ferlendirmeye ald\u0131. S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fin bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131smen de olsa \u00fczerlerinden atmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan yeni devlet adamlar\u0131, hem kendi \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7inde hem de t\u00fcm k\u0131tay\u0131 ba\u015ftanba\u015fa saran k\u0131saca TAH (Trans African Highways) dedikleri Transafrika Otoyollar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 bir karayolu a\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131 \u015feklinde g\u00fcndemlerine ald\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilerin hi\u00e7 istemedikleri, baz\u0131 devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131n kom\u015fu \u00fclkeleriyle ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 gerginlikler ve \u00f6zellikle i\u00e7 ticarete a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k vermeleri y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u00e7ok yava\u015f ilerleyen bir s\u00fcre\u00e7le kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131lar. Hatta \u00c7ad gibi bir\u00e7ok \u00fclke, kendisini bitmek bilmeyen i\u00e7 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n i\u00e7inde buldu. 48 y\u0131l devam eden bu d\u00f6nemde zaten sahille ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 da olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in neredeyse 1 km bile karayolu yapmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131. 2000\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ortas\u0131nda i\u00e7 bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Birka\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde 3 bin km asfalt yapabildi. 2015 y\u0131l\u0131na geldi\u011finde ba\u015fkent Encemine i\u00e7inde dahi 300 km asfalt yol yapacak kadar imk\u00e2nlara sahip oldu. Bunda kendi petrol\u00fcn\u00fc bulmas\u0131 ve rafineri kurmas\u0131n\u0131n da etkisi \u00e7ok fazla oldu.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda G\u00fcney Afrika Cumhuriyeti hari\u00e7 tutuldu\u011funda t\u00fcm Afrika \u00fclkelerindeki toplam asfalt karayolu uzunlu\u011fu 171 bin km kadard\u0131. Oysa ki y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc itibar\u0131yla neredeyse Zimbabve kadar olan Polonya\u2019daki karayollar\u0131 50\u2019den fazla k\u0131ta \u00fclkesinden daha fazla idi.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

9 AYRI ANA G\u00dcZERG\u00c2HI \u0130\u00c7EREN B\u0130R A\u011e\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Pekin-Londra aras\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zellikle demiryolu projesiyle ba\u011flay\u0131p tarihi \u0130pek Yolu r\u00fcyas\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti haberleri, d\u00fcnya g\u00fcndemini \u00e7ok me\u015fgul etti. Asl\u0131nda buna benzer bir durum Afrika i\u00e7in de 50 y\u0131ld\u0131r g\u00fcndemdeydi ve ad\u0131m ad\u0131m ilerliyordu. K\u0131tan\u0131n en kuzeydo\u011fu ucundaki M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Kahire\u2019yi en g\u00fcneyindeki G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019n\u0131n Cape Town \u015fehrine karayolu ile birle\u015ftirme projesi yava\u015f da olsa ilerliyordu. Hatta Libya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Trablusgarp\u2019\u0131 Namibya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Windhoek\u2019e ba\u011flanacakt\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Transafrika Otoyol A\u011f\u0131, t\u00fcm k\u0131tay\u0131 saran bir karayolu a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 olarak benimsendi. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Afrika Ekonomik Konseyi, Afrika Birli\u011fi, Afrika Kalk\u0131nma Bankas\u0131, Ma\u011frip Birli\u011fi, Bat\u0131 Afrika Ekonomik Toplulu\u011fu ve G\u00fcney Afrika Kalk\u0131nma Toplulu\u011fu, bu projeyi uygulamak i\u00e7in i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7inde devam ettirdi. Toplam 9 ayr\u0131 ana g\u00fczergah\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir a\u011fdan olu\u015fuyor.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

1. ana yol:\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Bunlardan birincisi, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Kahire\u2019den ba\u015flayarak Akdeniz sahili boyunca t\u00fcm Kuzey Afrika\u2019y\u0131 boydan boya ge\u00e7ip Atlas Okyanusu sahilinden Senegal\u2019in ba\u015fkenti Dakar\u2019a kadar inecek 1 no\u2019lu otoyol. B\u00f6ylece B\u00fcy\u00fck Ma\u011frip denen 6 \u00fclke ile Senegal dahil ba\u015fkentleri bu otoyolla birbirlerine ba\u011flanacakt\u0131. Hen\u00fcz otoyol olarak tamamlanmasa da asfalt karayolu olarak neredeyse tamam\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131 tamamlanm\u0131\u015f durumda. Sadece Cezayir ile Fas Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131nda 1994 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu tarafa devam eden siyasi gerginlik y\u00fcz\u00fcnden s\u0131n\u0131r ge\u00e7i\u015finde aksamalar ya\u015fan\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

2. ana yol:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Transafrika Otoyolu projesinde ger\u00e7ek anlamda en ciddi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve 2 no\u2019lu olarak ifade edilen bu g\u00fczergah, b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda tamamlanm\u0131\u015f vaziyette. B\u00f6ylece en uzun k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n Cezayir s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 kuzeyden g\u00fcneye ge\u00e7tikten sonra Nijer \u00fczerinden Nijerya\u2019n\u0131n liman \u015fehri Lagos\u2019a ba\u011flanacak. Afrika\u2019daki en hayati giri\u015fimlerden say\u0131lan bu otoyolun in\u015fas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6nemi haiz. Cezayir devleti, mevcut 333 milyon n\u00fcfusa sahip bu b\u00f6lgedeki insana hizmeti \u2018Afrika Birli\u011fi Yolu\u2019 ad\u0131yla \u00f6nemseyip g\u00fcney kom\u015fusu Nijer k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 bizzat \u00fcstlenmi\u015f ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamak \u00fczere. B\u00f6ylece Bat\u0131 Afrika\u2019daki Fas-Cezayir rekabeti yeni bir boyut kazanacak. Zira Fas\u2019\u0131n Akdeniz ve Atlas Okyanusu sahilleri sayesinde adeta \u00f6n\u00fcne set \u00e7ekti\u011fi Cezayir, bu karayolu sayesinde kendi \u00e7evreleme siyasetini de devreye koymu\u015f oluyor.<\/span><\/p>","slug":"50-yillik-ruya-afrika-karayollari-agi","tags":null,"meta_title":null,"meta_description":null,"meta_keywords":null,"news_cover_min":"\/front\/uploads\/blog\/thumbnail\/1687122000Ls1rUQeOOtIFj4u.webp","news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"view_count":2020,"cropped_1200x675":null,"user":{"id":30,"name":"AHMET","surname":"KAVAS","email":"prof-dr-ahmet-kavas@gmail.com","slug":"prof-dr-ahmet-kavas","avatar":"\/front\/uploads\/avatar\/17336916002RXDhDXyMw3kEXW.webp","status":1,"role":1,"email_verified_at":null,"orde":null,"created_at":"2022-10-24T11:09:13.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-18T09:44:44.000000Z","seo_title":null,"seo_description":null},"translations":[{"id":41058,"is_featured":0,"is_amp":0,"is_ads":0,"ads_link":null,"post_id":40932,"locale":"tr","category_id":73,"title":"50 y\u0131ll\u0131k r\u00fcya Afrika karayollar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131","home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"subtitleuse":0,"description":"PROF. DR. AHMET KAVAS","content":"

S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fin bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131smen de olsa \u00fczerlerinden atmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Afrika\u2019daki yeni devlet adamlar\u0131, hem kendi \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7inde hem de t\u00fcm k\u0131tay\u0131 ba\u015ftan ba\u015fa saran Transafrika Otoyollar\u0131 (Trans African Highways-TAH) ad\u0131yla bir karayolu a\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcndemlerine ald\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Ba\u015fta BM Afrika Ekonomik Konseyi, Afrika Birli\u011fi, Afrika Kalk\u0131nma Bankas\u0131, Ma\u011frip Birli\u011fi, Bat\u0131 Afrika Ekonomik Toplulu\u011fu ve G\u00fcney Afrika Kalk\u0131nma Toplulu\u011fu olmak \u00fczere ilgili kurum ve kurulu\u015flar, bu projeyi uygulamak i\u00e7in 50 y\u0131ld\u0131r i\u015fbirli\u011fi halinde.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>


<\/p>

Bir \u00fclkede ilk dikkati \u00e7eken konulardan biri, karayollar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Hem kendi vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck kulland\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00fczergahlar hem de d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelenlerin yapacaklar\u0131 seyahatlerde hangi \u015fartlarda yolculuk yapacaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek isterler. Afrika\u2019n\u0131n neredeyse tamam\u0131nda devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli g\u00fcndemlerinden biri, mutlaka asfalt yollar\u0131n\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131 bir an evvel ba\u015flatmakt\u0131. S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik s\u00fcrecinin hen\u00fcz devam etti\u011fi 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda, d\u00fcnyada her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn tamamlanan ve bir a\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar maalesef bu k\u0131tada bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc devreye konulamad\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

S\u00d6M\u00dcRGE YOLLARI<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Avrupal\u0131 7 devlet i\u00e7inde \u00f6zellikle \u0130ngilizler ve Frans\u0131zlar, \u00a0Afrika\u2019n\u0131n merkezine do\u011fru ilerledik\u00e7e oralardan kendi \u00fclkelerine ve di\u011fer k\u0131talara gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri her \u015feyi ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in demiryollar\u0131 ve baz\u0131 karayollar\u0131n\u0131 yapma ihtiyac\u0131 hissetti. Bunlar\u0131 k\u0131smen de uygulad\u0131lar.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

H\u00e2l\u00e2 o g\u00fczergahlar, yeni yollar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda y\u00f6n verici oluyor. Cezayir\u2019in ba\u015fkentinden g\u00fcneyindeki Mali ve Nijer\u2019in i\u00e7lerine, Senegal\u2019den de do\u011fuya do\u011fru ilerleyip devasa b\u00f6lgedeki kaynaklar\u0131 limanlara aktaracaklard\u0131. Ama ba\u015fkent Cezayir\u2019den g\u00fcneye inme hedeflerini, yakla\u015f\u0131k bir as\u0131r Sahra toplumlar\u0131n\u0131 ikna edemedikleri i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiremediler.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Ticaret kervanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan Afrika i\u00e7i t\u00fcm g\u00fczergahlar, Avrupal\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci devletlerce b\u00f6lgeler aras\u0131 ge\u00e7i\u015fler yasaklan\u0131nca tarihi yollar k\u0131sa zamanda devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kald\u0131. Sadece kendi menfaatlerine uygun limanlara yak\u0131n yerle\u015fim yerleri \u00e7evresinde yol yap\u0131m\u0131na m\u00fcsaade ettiler. Bunun haricinde t\u00fcm Afrikal\u0131lar\u0131 adeta \u00e7izdikleri yapay s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 devletlerin i\u00e7ine kapatt\u0131lar. \u015eayet kendi s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeleri aras\u0131nda bile karayolu a\u011flar\u0131 kurulsa, buralar k\u0131sa zamanda kalk\u0131nma e\u011filimlerine girecekti. O zaman da kendi idarelerinden kurtulma s\u00fcre\u00e7leri h\u0131zlanacakt\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

1971 YILI M\u0130LAT<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llardaki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadeleleri ve yeni kurulan devletler derhal bu alana el att\u0131.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

1 Temmuz 1971 y\u0131l\u0131 adeta bir milat oldu. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler b\u00fcnyesinde Afrika Ekonomi Komisyonu, \u00f6nemine binaen bir an evvel bu konuyu de\u011ferlendirmeye ald\u0131. S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fin bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131smen de olsa \u00fczerlerinden atmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan yeni devlet adamlar\u0131, hem kendi \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7inde hem de t\u00fcm k\u0131tay\u0131 ba\u015ftanba\u015fa saran k\u0131saca TAH (Trans African Highways) dedikleri Transafrika Otoyollar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 bir karayolu a\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131 \u015feklinde g\u00fcndemlerine ald\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilerin hi\u00e7 istemedikleri, baz\u0131 devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131n kom\u015fu \u00fclkeleriyle ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 gerginlikler ve \u00f6zellikle i\u00e7 ticarete a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k vermeleri y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u00e7ok yava\u015f ilerleyen bir s\u00fcre\u00e7le kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131lar. Hatta \u00c7ad gibi bir\u00e7ok \u00fclke, kendisini bitmek bilmeyen i\u00e7 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n i\u00e7inde buldu. 48 y\u0131l devam eden bu d\u00f6nemde zaten sahille ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 da olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in neredeyse 1 km bile karayolu yapmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131. 2000\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ortas\u0131nda i\u00e7 bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Birka\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde 3 bin km asfalt yapabildi. 2015 y\u0131l\u0131na geldi\u011finde ba\u015fkent Encemine i\u00e7inde dahi 300 km asfalt yol yapacak kadar imk\u00e2nlara sahip oldu. Bunda kendi petrol\u00fcn\u00fc bulmas\u0131 ve rafineri kurmas\u0131n\u0131n da etkisi \u00e7ok fazla oldu.<\/span><\/p>

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1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda G\u00fcney Afrika Cumhuriyeti hari\u00e7 tutuldu\u011funda t\u00fcm Afrika \u00fclkelerindeki toplam asfalt karayolu uzunlu\u011fu 171 bin km kadard\u0131. Oysa ki y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc itibar\u0131yla neredeyse Zimbabve kadar olan Polonya\u2019daki karayollar\u0131 50\u2019den fazla k\u0131ta \u00fclkesinden daha fazla idi.<\/span><\/p>

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9 AYRI ANA G\u00dcZERG\u00c2HI \u0130\u00c7EREN B\u0130R A\u011e\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Pekin-Londra aras\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zellikle demiryolu projesiyle ba\u011flay\u0131p tarihi \u0130pek Yolu r\u00fcyas\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti haberleri, d\u00fcnya g\u00fcndemini \u00e7ok me\u015fgul etti. Asl\u0131nda buna benzer bir durum Afrika i\u00e7in de 50 y\u0131ld\u0131r g\u00fcndemdeydi ve ad\u0131m ad\u0131m ilerliyordu. K\u0131tan\u0131n en kuzeydo\u011fu ucundaki M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Kahire\u2019yi en g\u00fcneyindeki G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019n\u0131n Cape Town \u015fehrine karayolu ile birle\u015ftirme projesi yava\u015f da olsa ilerliyordu. Hatta Libya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Trablusgarp\u2019\u0131 Namibya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Windhoek\u2019e ba\u011flanacakt\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

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Transafrika Otoyol A\u011f\u0131, t\u00fcm k\u0131tay\u0131 saran bir karayolu a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 olarak benimsendi. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Afrika Ekonomik Konseyi, Afrika Birli\u011fi, Afrika Kalk\u0131nma Bankas\u0131, Ma\u011frip Birli\u011fi, Bat\u0131 Afrika Ekonomik Toplulu\u011fu ve G\u00fcney Afrika Kalk\u0131nma Toplulu\u011fu, bu projeyi uygulamak i\u00e7in i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7inde devam ettirdi. Toplam 9 ayr\u0131 ana g\u00fczergah\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir a\u011fdan olu\u015fuyor.<\/span><\/p>

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1. ana yol:\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Bunlardan birincisi, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Kahire\u2019den ba\u015flayarak Akdeniz sahili boyunca t\u00fcm Kuzey Afrika\u2019y\u0131 boydan boya ge\u00e7ip Atlas Okyanusu sahilinden Senegal\u2019in ba\u015fkenti Dakar\u2019a kadar inecek 1 no\u2019lu otoyol. B\u00f6ylece B\u00fcy\u00fck Ma\u011frip denen 6 \u00fclke ile Senegal dahil ba\u015fkentleri bu otoyolla birbirlerine ba\u011flanacakt\u0131. Hen\u00fcz otoyol olarak tamamlanmasa da asfalt karayolu olarak neredeyse tamam\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131 tamamlanm\u0131\u015f durumda. Sadece Cezayir ile Fas Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131nda 1994 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu tarafa devam eden siyasi gerginlik y\u00fcz\u00fcnden s\u0131n\u0131r ge\u00e7i\u015finde aksamalar ya\u015fan\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p>

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2. ana yol:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Transafrika Otoyolu projesinde ger\u00e7ek anlamda en ciddi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve 2 no\u2019lu olarak ifade edilen bu g\u00fczergah, b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda tamamlanm\u0131\u015f vaziyette. B\u00f6ylece en uzun k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n Cezayir s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 kuzeyden g\u00fcneye ge\u00e7tikten sonra Nijer \u00fczerinden Nijerya\u2019n\u0131n liman \u015fehri Lagos\u2019a ba\u011flanacak. Afrika\u2019daki en hayati giri\u015fimlerden say\u0131lan bu otoyolun in\u015fas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6nemi haiz. Cezayir devleti, mevcut 333 milyon n\u00fcfusa sahip bu b\u00f6lgedeki insana hizmeti \u2018Afrika Birli\u011fi Yolu\u2019 ad\u0131yla \u00f6nemseyip g\u00fcney kom\u015fusu Nijer k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 bizzat \u00fcstlenmi\u015f ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamak \u00fczere. B\u00f6ylece Bat\u0131 Afrika\u2019daki Fas-Cezayir rekabeti yeni bir boyut kazanacak. Zira Fas\u2019\u0131n Akdeniz ve Atlas Okyanusu sahilleri sayesinde adeta \u00f6n\u00fcne set \u00e7ekti\u011fi Cezayir, bu karayolu sayesinde kendi \u00e7evreleme siyasetini de devreye koymu\u015f oluyor.<\/span><\/p>","slug":"50-yillik-ruya-afrika-karayollari-agi","orjinalimage":"\/front\/uploads\/blog\/thumbnail\/1687122000Ls1rUQeOOtIFj4u.webp","news_cover_min":"\/front\/uploads\/blog\/thumbnail\/1687122000Ls1rUQeOOtIFj4u.webp","news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"cropped_638x552":null,"cropped_310x208":null,"cropped_416x247":null,"cropped_197x247":null,"cropped_416x600":null,"cropped_1200x675":null,"tags":null,"meta_title":null,"meta_description":null,"meta_keywords":null,"view_count":2020,"yt":0,"ytid":"","ytimage":null,"imgdate":"2000-01-01 00:00:00","cuff_cover":null,"cropped_358x214":null,"cropped_842x474":null}]}}