{"status":true,"post":{"id":36271,"user_id":30,"status":1,"type":1,"orde":null,"notification_type":3,"static_post":0,"published_at":"2023-01-09 13:06:00","created_at":"2023-01-09T10:06:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2023-01-09T10:06:00.000000Z","edited_at":"2024-12-17 22:35:21","source_id":null,"post_id":36271,"is_featured":0,"title":"21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Afrika\u2019n\u0131n \u015fans\u0131 turizm sekt\u00f6r\u00fc","slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"category_id":73,"description":"PROF. DR. AHMET KAVAS","content":"

<\/span><\/strong>Uluslararas\u0131 de\u011ferlendirme kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131klar\u0131 analizlere bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Afrika\u2019da turizm ciddi geli\u015fmeler kaydediyor. D\u00fcnyaya k\u0131yasla k\u0131ta, y\u00fczde 7\u2019lik geli\u015fme h\u0131z\u0131yla \u00f6ne ge\u00e7mi\u015f durumda. Turizmin \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en talihli co\u011frafyas\u0131 olarak ibrenin buraya h\u0131zl\u0131ca d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc iddia etmek, art\u0131k abart\u0131l\u0131 bir \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fc de\u011fil.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Farkl\u0131 k\u0131talardaki Afrika as\u0131ll\u0131 diasporan\u0131n ait olduklar\u0131 topraklar\u0131 g\u00f6rme arzular\u0131, en nadir safari imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 sunan Serengetti ekosistemi i\u00e7inde vakit ge\u00e7irme, 30 bin km\u2019ye yak\u0131n sahilleri i\u00e7inde d\u00fcnyada benzeri az bulunan plajlar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131l\u0131r duruma getirilmesi gibi etkenler, \u00c7inliler ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer Asyal\u0131lar\u0131 ve Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 cezbediyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Seyahat etmek, insanl\u0131k tarihinin en vazge\u00e7ilmez u\u011fra\u015f\u0131lar\u0131ndand\u0131. Bunun g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ekonomisinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck etkenleri aras\u0131na girmesi, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ba\u015far\u0131ld\u0131. \u00d6yle ki, uluslararas\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc etkile\u015fimin de odak noktas\u0131nda yer ald\u0131. \u00d6ncesinde t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n yapt\u0131klar\u0131 kervan yollar\u0131ndaki y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131ma, deniz yoluyla belli limanlar aras\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131kla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 idi. Yeni co\u011frafyalar aras\u0131nda tan\u0131nma art\u0131k\u00e7a farkl\u0131 noktalar aras\u0131nda gidi\u015f geli\u015fler de artt\u0131. \u00d6zellikle seyyahlar\u0131n gezilerine ba\u011fl\u0131 kaleme ald\u0131klar\u0131 notlar, bilinmeyen yerler hakk\u0131nda hep merak uyand\u0131r\u0131yordu. Say\u0131lar\u0131 binleri ge\u00e7meyen bu u\u011fra\u015f\u0131lar \u00f6ylesine artt\u0131 ki, art\u0131k kimse bir k\u0131y\u0131da k\u00f6\u015fede kalm\u0131yordu. Mutlaka rahat edece\u011fi konaklama, yeme-i\u00e7me mekanlar\u0131, yerel pazarlar hep d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelenler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclerek yerlerini ald\u0131. Afrika co\u011frafyas\u0131 bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak bu anlamda b\u00fcy\u00fck etkile\u015fimlerin kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 biraz yava\u015f aralad\u0131. Covid-19 \u00f6ncesinde d\u00fcnya ekonomisinde turizmin katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 10 seviyelerine ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 biliniyordu. Ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n neredeyse her alanda t\u00fcm k\u0131talarda durma seviyesine geldi\u011fi zamanlarda bile y\u00fczde 5.5 gibi bir oranda kalabilmesi, bu alan\u0131n ne kadar hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ispat\u0131.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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SEKT\u00d6R\u00dcN \u0130ST\u0130KAMET\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda Afrika\u2019da turizm sekt\u00f6r\u00fc konusunda yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rapor, asl\u0131nda turizmin yeni istikametinin bu k\u0131taya do\u011fru y\u00f6neldi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyordu. Turizm, art\u0131k ekonominin en \u00f6nemli kald\u0131rac\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve bu co\u011frafya da her alanda yat\u0131r\u0131m i\u00e7in yeni f\u0131rsatlar\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 aralam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Afrikal\u0131 devlet adamlar\u0131 i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli hususlardan biri, yeni istihdam alanlar\u0131 a\u00e7mak ve yeni ku\u015faklar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in onlara i\u015f bulmakt\u0131. 2030\u2019lu y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Afrika\u2019da turizm sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde 33 milyona yak\u0131n insana istihdam sa\u011flanmas\u0131 planlan\u0131yor. Bu da \u00f6zellikle kalifiye personel i\u00e7in \u015fimdiden lise ve \u00fcniversite seviyesinde gen\u00e7li\u011fin yeti\u015ftirilmesine ba\u011fl\u0131.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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Gerekli e\u011fitimi alacak gen\u00e7ler bu ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layacak. \u00dcniversitelerimiz bu anlamda \u00f6zellikle turizmi ilgilendiren her alanda hem kendi gen\u00e7lerimizi hem de Afrikal\u0131 gen\u00e7leri e\u011fiterek bu s\u00fcrece katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabilir. D\u00fcnyada her 10 ki\u015fiden biri turizmle ilgili bir i\u015f kolunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, bu oran Afrika\u2019da 7 ki\u015fide 1 ki\u015fi gibi daha fazla bir imk\u00e2n sunuyor.<\/span><\/p>

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L\u00dcKS\u2008OTELLER<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Ekonominin t\u00fcm \u00e7arklar\u0131 i\u00e7inde turizmi di\u011ferlerinden ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Bu sekt\u00f6rde varl\u0131k g\u00f6steren \u00fclkelerde in\u015faat, ula\u015f\u0131m, tekstil, ileti\u015fim, finans, yerel pazarlar hepsi adeta bir makinan\u0131n \u00e7arklar\u0131 gibi birbirlerini yak\u0131ndan etkiliyordu. Turizm, bir\u00e7ok sekt\u00f6rden farkl\u0131 olarak daha \u00e7ok yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlara ba\u011fl\u0131 geli\u015fiyor. K\u0131ta \u00fclkelerinin bir\u00e7o\u011funda yok denecek kadar az uluslararas\u0131 etkile\u015fim vard\u0131. \u00d6zellikle ekonomik kalk\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc tamamlayamayan \u00fclkelerde turizm sanayinden bahsetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildi. 2000\u2019li y\u0131llar, Afrika i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ek anlamda bir milat oldu. Libya\u2019n\u0131n devrik lideri Muammer Kaddafi, 1992\u2019de \u00fclkesine yap\u0131lan ekonomik ambargonun gev\u015fedi\u011fi y\u0131llarda Sudan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Hartum\u2019da, Mali\u2019nin ba\u015fkenti Bamako\u2019da, \u00c7ad\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Encemine\u2019de, Uganda\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Kampala\u2019da 5 y\u0131ld\u0131zl\u0131 oteller in\u015fa etti. Hatta Nijer\u2019in kuzeyinde \u00e7\u00f6l \u015fehri Agadez\u2019de veya Mali\u2019nin kuzeyindeki Timbuktu\u2019da bu \u00fclkelere gelen devlet adamlar\u0131 dahil \u00f6nemli misafirlerin a\u011f\u0131rlanaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zel konutlar yapt\u0131rd\u0131. Oteli bulunmayan \u00fclkelere i\u015f adamlar\u0131n\u0131n gitmedi\u011fi bilinen bir ger\u00e7ekti. O halde bu alana el atarak 20\u2019den fazla Afrika \u00fclkesinde uluslararas\u0131 otellerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir etkile\u015fim ba\u015flatt\u0131 ve bunda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 da olundu. Bug\u00fcn Afrika\u2019n\u0131n herhangi bir ba\u015fkentinde, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n herhangi bir \u00fclkesinde bulunan en l\u00fcks otel zincirinin bazen birka\u00e7 otelini g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/span><\/p>

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\u00c7EK\u0130C\u0130L\u0130KLER<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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\u015eimdilerde turistler Afrika\u2019daki k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miraslar\u0131 da merak ediyor. \u00d6zellikle ge\u00e7mi\u015fte hep cazip olan M\u0131s\u0131r medeniyeti ve Kuzey Afrika\u2019daki kal\u0131nt\u0131lar yan\u0131nda k\u0131tan\u0131n yeni fark edilen tarihi mekanlar\u0131 da ilgi \u00e7ekiyor. \u0130\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131tadaki imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 yerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcp ke\u015ffetme, farkl\u0131 k\u0131talardaki Afrika as\u0131ll\u0131 diasporan\u0131n ait olduklar\u0131 topraklar\u0131 g\u00f6rme arzular\u0131, belki de d\u00fcnyada en nadir safari imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 sunan Serengetti ekosistemi i\u00e7inde vakit ge\u00e7irme, 30 bin km\u2019ye yak\u0131n sahilleri i\u00e7inde d\u00fcnyada benzeri az bulunan plajlar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131l\u0131r duruma getirilmesi, hayvan ve bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan tabii ortamlar\u0131n en nadir noktalar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00e2l\u00e2 varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korudu\u011fu mek\u00e2nlar\u0131n \u00e7oklu\u011fu, \u00f6zellikle \u00c7inliler ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer Asyal\u0131lar\u0131 ve Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 cezbediyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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SORUNLAR-FIRSATLAR<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Bir anda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ekonomik \u00e7arka d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen Afrika turizminin, a\u015fmas\u0131 gereken \u00e7ok engeli bulunuyor. \u00d6zellikle temel altyap\u0131 imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n yetersiz kalmas\u0131, her ne kadar bug\u00fcn\u00fcn sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc menfi etkilese de bu sahada yat\u0131r\u0131m yapanlara yeni f\u0131rsatlar sunuyor. \u0130n\u015faat firmalar\u0131 giderek artan me\u015fhur otel zincirlerinin yeni projelerini elde etmek i\u00e7in adeta yar\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. K\u0131tan\u0131n turizm imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n pazarlanmas\u0131 hen\u00fcz istenilen seviyede de\u011fil ve bunun reklam sekt\u00f6r\u00fc i\u00e7in ciddi f\u0131rsatlar sunmas\u0131 engel oldu\u011fu kadar yeni i\u015f alanlar\u0131n\u0131 da sahaya \u00e7ekmesi demek. \u00d6zel sekt\u00f6r olmadan turizmde ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 elde edemeyece\u011fini anlayan her \u00fclke ciddi hamleler yap\u0131yor. Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n Afrika\u2019da turizmi canland\u0131rmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterli kredi bulma konusunda ciddi engelleri var. Bu a\u015f\u0131lmadan uluslararas\u0131 otel zincirlerinin k\u0131tada yak\u0131n gelecekteki yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeleri kolay de\u011fil. \u00dclkelerin vergi d\u00fczenlemelerini g\u00fcncellemeleri gerekiyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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BA\u015eARAN \u00dcLKELER<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Fas, M\u0131s\u0131r, G\u00fcney Afrika ve Tunus\u2019un turizmdeki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131, Afrika\u2019da bu \u00fclkeleri art\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k 10 milyonu a\u015fan turist say\u0131lar\u0131 ile \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor. Kenya, Etiyopya, Nijerya ve Tanzanya gibi hem kendi n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 hem de sunduklar\u0131 imkanlarla bu sahada d\u00fcnyada markala\u015fan otellerle Afrika turizmine milyonlarca yeni m\u00fc\u015fteri kazand\u0131ranlar dikkatlerden ka\u00e7m\u0131yor. Ruanda\u2019n\u0131n son y\u0131llarda g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hassasiyetleri ile ba\u015fkenti Kigali\u2019nin en temiz \u015fehir se\u00e7ilmesi ve turistlere sundu\u011fu yeni imk\u00e2nlar, gelecek i\u00e7in umutlar\u0131 daha da art\u0131r\u0131yor. Afrika denilince genelde akla isimleri gelen \u00fclkeler yan\u0131nda belki isimleri s\u00f6ylendi\u011finde onlarda m\u0131 bu k\u0131tada denen ada \u00fclkeleri var. Bunlar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131nda turizm gelirleri \u00fclkelerin GSY\u0130H\u2019lerinin y\u00fczde 50\u2019den fazlas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Hint Okyanusu\u2019nun Afrika k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na yak\u0131n Sey\u015feller Adas\u0131, bu anlamda d\u00fcnya genelinden \u00e7ok say\u0131da turist \u00e7eken bir ada \u00fclkesi. Bunu ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgedeki Moritus ve Reunion adalar\u0131 izliyor. Belki bu anlamda en model \u00fclkelerden biri, Atlas Okyanusu\u2019nun Senegal sahiline 600 km mesafedeki Ye\u015fil Burun Adalar\u0131 dedi\u011fimiz Kabo Verde Adalar\u0131 olarak g\u00f6steriliyor.<\/span><\/p>

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9 adas\u0131nda toplam 700 bin kadar bir n\u00fcfusa sahip olan bu \u00fclkenin \u00f6zellikle Sal Adas\u0131, \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli turist \u00e7eken yerlerden biri. Yap\u0131lan ciddi yat\u0131r\u0131mlarla yak\u0131n gelecekte Afrika\u2019n\u0131n Maldivleri olarak bilinecek.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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T\u00dcRK F\u0130RMALARI \u00c7OK BA\u015eARILI<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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\u015eimdilerde 100 milyona yak\u0131n havayolu yolcu kapasitesini yakalayan Afrika \u00fclkeleri, art\u0131k bunlar\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc turistik ihtiyac\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00f6nemsiyor. D\u00fcnya genelinde 188 bin otel ve 18 milyona yak\u0131n oda imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde Afrikal\u0131lar\u0131n bu sahada alaca\u011f\u0131 epeyce mesafe var. Belki bu da k\u0131tay\u0131 cazip hale getiriyor. Son 20 y\u0131lda Afrika\u2019daki bir\u00e7ok marka otelin in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcstlenen T\u00fcrk firmalar, bu anlamda \u00e7ok ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda i\u015flettikleri otellerle de kendilerinden s\u00f6z ettiriyorlar. \u00dclkemizde bu sekt\u00f6r i\u00e7in gerekli her t\u00fcrl\u00fc malzemenin \u00fcretilmesi ve k\u0131taya giderek artan bir seviyede pazarlanmas\u0131, ticari ili\u015fkilerimizi de ciddi oranda art\u0131r\u0131yor. Otelcilik ve \u00f6zellikle y\u00f6netim konusunda yeti\u015fmi\u015f \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan\u0131m\u0131z bu k\u0131tan\u0131n farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerinde i\u015f buluyor. 42 \u00fclkede 60\u2019\u0131 a\u015fan noktaya tarifeli yolcu seferleri yan\u0131nda kargo hizmetleri de d\u00fczenleyen THY, bu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 etkile\u015fimde Afrika turizmine do\u011frudan ve dolayl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p>

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COV\u0130D-19 YAVA\u015eLATTI\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Afrika\u2019da orta s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n giderek b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi, gen\u00e7 n\u00fcfusun h\u0131zla artmas\u0131, k\u0131ta \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00e7ok \u00fcyesi bulunan serbest ticaret anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi, yerel ve b\u00f6lgesel turizmin artmas\u0131 ve tabiatla i\u00e7 i\u00e7e milli park alanlar\u0131n\u0131n turizme y\u00f6nelik gezi programlar\u0131 devreye sokulmas\u0131 ile turizm, Afrikal\u0131lar i\u00e7in l\u00fcks bir alan olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce bir ge\u00e7im kap\u0131s\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/span><\/p>

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Yerel \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin pazarlanmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok i\u015f kolunda yeni istihdam alanlar\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131. Sadece turizmden yararlananlara hizmet eden Afrikal\u0131lar yerine bizzat bu imk\u00e2n\u0131 kendileri de kullananlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 art\u0131k onlarca milyonla ifade edilir hale geldi. 55 milyar dolarl\u0131k turizm gelirleri her ne kadar d\u00fcnya genelindeki pay\u0131n hen\u00fcz y\u00fczde 5\u2019i kadar da olsa bu, b\u00fcy\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar i\u00e7in ba\u015fka k\u0131talarda geli\u015fmesini dura\u011fanla\u015ft\u0131ran turizm sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn yeni istikametini bu co\u011frafyaya y\u00f6neltiyor. Belki binlerce otelden olu\u015fan b\u00fcy\u00fck otel zincirlerinin her birinin Afrika\u2019da \u015fu an birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz\u00fc bulan otel say\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 art\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p>","slug":"21-yuzyilda-afrikanin-sansi-turizm-sektoru","tags":null,"meta_title":null,"meta_description":null,"meta_keywords":null,"news_cover_min":null,"news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"view_count":1675,"cropped_1200x675":null,"user":{"id":30,"name":"AHMET","surname":"KAVAS","email":"prof-dr-ahmet-kavas@gmail.com","slug":"prof-dr-ahmet-kavas","avatar":"\/front\/uploads\/avatar\/17336916002RXDhDXyMw3kEXW.webp","status":1,"role":1,"email_verified_at":null,"orde":null,"created_at":"2022-10-24T11:09:13.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-18T09:44:44.000000Z","seo_title":null,"seo_description":null},"translations":[{"id":36397,"is_featured":0,"is_amp":0,"is_ads":0,"ads_link":null,"post_id":36271,"locale":"tr","category_id":73,"title":"21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Afrika\u2019n\u0131n \u015fans\u0131 turizm sekt\u00f6r\u00fc","home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"subtitleuse":0,"description":"PROF. DR. AHMET KAVAS","content":"

<\/span><\/strong>Uluslararas\u0131 de\u011ferlendirme kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131klar\u0131 analizlere bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Afrika\u2019da turizm ciddi geli\u015fmeler kaydediyor. D\u00fcnyaya k\u0131yasla k\u0131ta, y\u00fczde 7\u2019lik geli\u015fme h\u0131z\u0131yla \u00f6ne ge\u00e7mi\u015f durumda. Turizmin \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en talihli co\u011frafyas\u0131 olarak ibrenin buraya h\u0131zl\u0131ca d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc iddia etmek, art\u0131k abart\u0131l\u0131 bir \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fc de\u011fil.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Farkl\u0131 k\u0131talardaki Afrika as\u0131ll\u0131 diasporan\u0131n ait olduklar\u0131 topraklar\u0131 g\u00f6rme arzular\u0131, en nadir safari imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 sunan Serengetti ekosistemi i\u00e7inde vakit ge\u00e7irme, 30 bin km\u2019ye yak\u0131n sahilleri i\u00e7inde d\u00fcnyada benzeri az bulunan plajlar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131l\u0131r duruma getirilmesi gibi etkenler, \u00c7inliler ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer Asyal\u0131lar\u0131 ve Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 cezbediyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Seyahat etmek, insanl\u0131k tarihinin en vazge\u00e7ilmez u\u011fra\u015f\u0131lar\u0131ndand\u0131. Bunun g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ekonomisinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck etkenleri aras\u0131na girmesi, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ba\u015far\u0131ld\u0131. \u00d6yle ki, uluslararas\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc etkile\u015fimin de odak noktas\u0131nda yer ald\u0131. \u00d6ncesinde t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n yapt\u0131klar\u0131 kervan yollar\u0131ndaki y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131ma, deniz yoluyla belli limanlar aras\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131kla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 idi. Yeni co\u011frafyalar aras\u0131nda tan\u0131nma art\u0131k\u00e7a farkl\u0131 noktalar aras\u0131nda gidi\u015f geli\u015fler de artt\u0131. \u00d6zellikle seyyahlar\u0131n gezilerine ba\u011fl\u0131 kaleme ald\u0131klar\u0131 notlar, bilinmeyen yerler hakk\u0131nda hep merak uyand\u0131r\u0131yordu. Say\u0131lar\u0131 binleri ge\u00e7meyen bu u\u011fra\u015f\u0131lar \u00f6ylesine artt\u0131 ki, art\u0131k kimse bir k\u0131y\u0131da k\u00f6\u015fede kalm\u0131yordu. Mutlaka rahat edece\u011fi konaklama, yeme-i\u00e7me mekanlar\u0131, yerel pazarlar hep d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelenler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclerek yerlerini ald\u0131. Afrika co\u011frafyas\u0131 bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak bu anlamda b\u00fcy\u00fck etkile\u015fimlerin kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 biraz yava\u015f aralad\u0131. Covid-19 \u00f6ncesinde d\u00fcnya ekonomisinde turizmin katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 10 seviyelerine ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 biliniyordu. Ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n neredeyse her alanda t\u00fcm k\u0131talarda durma seviyesine geldi\u011fi zamanlarda bile y\u00fczde 5.5 gibi bir oranda kalabilmesi, bu alan\u0131n ne kadar hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ispat\u0131.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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SEKT\u00d6R\u00dcN \u0130ST\u0130KAMET\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda Afrika\u2019da turizm sekt\u00f6r\u00fc konusunda yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rapor, asl\u0131nda turizmin yeni istikametinin bu k\u0131taya do\u011fru y\u00f6neldi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyordu. Turizm, art\u0131k ekonominin en \u00f6nemli kald\u0131rac\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve bu co\u011frafya da her alanda yat\u0131r\u0131m i\u00e7in yeni f\u0131rsatlar\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 aralam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Afrikal\u0131 devlet adamlar\u0131 i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli hususlardan biri, yeni istihdam alanlar\u0131 a\u00e7mak ve yeni ku\u015faklar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in onlara i\u015f bulmakt\u0131. 2030\u2019lu y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Afrika\u2019da turizm sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde 33 milyona yak\u0131n insana istihdam sa\u011flanmas\u0131 planlan\u0131yor. Bu da \u00f6zellikle kalifiye personel i\u00e7in \u015fimdiden lise ve \u00fcniversite seviyesinde gen\u00e7li\u011fin yeti\u015ftirilmesine ba\u011fl\u0131.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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Gerekli e\u011fitimi alacak gen\u00e7ler bu ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layacak. \u00dcniversitelerimiz bu anlamda \u00f6zellikle turizmi ilgilendiren her alanda hem kendi gen\u00e7lerimizi hem de Afrikal\u0131 gen\u00e7leri e\u011fiterek bu s\u00fcrece katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabilir. D\u00fcnyada her 10 ki\u015fiden biri turizmle ilgili bir i\u015f kolunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, bu oran Afrika\u2019da 7 ki\u015fide 1 ki\u015fi gibi daha fazla bir imk\u00e2n sunuyor.<\/span><\/p>

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L\u00dcKS\u2008OTELLER<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Ekonominin t\u00fcm \u00e7arklar\u0131 i\u00e7inde turizmi di\u011ferlerinden ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Bu sekt\u00f6rde varl\u0131k g\u00f6steren \u00fclkelerde in\u015faat, ula\u015f\u0131m, tekstil, ileti\u015fim, finans, yerel pazarlar hepsi adeta bir makinan\u0131n \u00e7arklar\u0131 gibi birbirlerini yak\u0131ndan etkiliyordu. Turizm, bir\u00e7ok sekt\u00f6rden farkl\u0131 olarak daha \u00e7ok yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlara ba\u011fl\u0131 geli\u015fiyor. K\u0131ta \u00fclkelerinin bir\u00e7o\u011funda yok denecek kadar az uluslararas\u0131 etkile\u015fim vard\u0131. \u00d6zellikle ekonomik kalk\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc tamamlayamayan \u00fclkelerde turizm sanayinden bahsetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildi. 2000\u2019li y\u0131llar, Afrika i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ek anlamda bir milat oldu. Libya\u2019n\u0131n devrik lideri Muammer Kaddafi, 1992\u2019de \u00fclkesine yap\u0131lan ekonomik ambargonun gev\u015fedi\u011fi y\u0131llarda Sudan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Hartum\u2019da, Mali\u2019nin ba\u015fkenti Bamako\u2019da, \u00c7ad\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Encemine\u2019de, Uganda\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Kampala\u2019da 5 y\u0131ld\u0131zl\u0131 oteller in\u015fa etti. Hatta Nijer\u2019in kuzeyinde \u00e7\u00f6l \u015fehri Agadez\u2019de veya Mali\u2019nin kuzeyindeki Timbuktu\u2019da bu \u00fclkelere gelen devlet adamlar\u0131 dahil \u00f6nemli misafirlerin a\u011f\u0131rlanaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zel konutlar yapt\u0131rd\u0131. Oteli bulunmayan \u00fclkelere i\u015f adamlar\u0131n\u0131n gitmedi\u011fi bilinen bir ger\u00e7ekti. O halde bu alana el atarak 20\u2019den fazla Afrika \u00fclkesinde uluslararas\u0131 otellerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir etkile\u015fim ba\u015flatt\u0131 ve bunda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 da olundu. Bug\u00fcn Afrika\u2019n\u0131n herhangi bir ba\u015fkentinde, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n herhangi bir \u00fclkesinde bulunan en l\u00fcks otel zincirinin bazen birka\u00e7 otelini g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/span><\/p>

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\u00c7EK\u0130C\u0130L\u0130KLER<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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\u015eimdilerde turistler Afrika\u2019daki k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miraslar\u0131 da merak ediyor. \u00d6zellikle ge\u00e7mi\u015fte hep cazip olan M\u0131s\u0131r medeniyeti ve Kuzey Afrika\u2019daki kal\u0131nt\u0131lar yan\u0131nda k\u0131tan\u0131n yeni fark edilen tarihi mekanlar\u0131 da ilgi \u00e7ekiyor. \u0130\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131tadaki imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 yerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcp ke\u015ffetme, farkl\u0131 k\u0131talardaki Afrika as\u0131ll\u0131 diasporan\u0131n ait olduklar\u0131 topraklar\u0131 g\u00f6rme arzular\u0131, belki de d\u00fcnyada en nadir safari imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 sunan Serengetti ekosistemi i\u00e7inde vakit ge\u00e7irme, 30 bin km\u2019ye yak\u0131n sahilleri i\u00e7inde d\u00fcnyada benzeri az bulunan plajlar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131l\u0131r duruma getirilmesi, hayvan ve bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan tabii ortamlar\u0131n en nadir noktalar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00e2l\u00e2 varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korudu\u011fu mek\u00e2nlar\u0131n \u00e7oklu\u011fu, \u00f6zellikle \u00c7inliler ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer Asyal\u0131lar\u0131 ve Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 cezbediyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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SORUNLAR-FIRSATLAR<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Bir anda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ekonomik \u00e7arka d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen Afrika turizminin, a\u015fmas\u0131 gereken \u00e7ok engeli bulunuyor. \u00d6zellikle temel altyap\u0131 imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n yetersiz kalmas\u0131, her ne kadar bug\u00fcn\u00fcn sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc menfi etkilese de bu sahada yat\u0131r\u0131m yapanlara yeni f\u0131rsatlar sunuyor. \u0130n\u015faat firmalar\u0131 giderek artan me\u015fhur otel zincirlerinin yeni projelerini elde etmek i\u00e7in adeta yar\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. K\u0131tan\u0131n turizm imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n pazarlanmas\u0131 hen\u00fcz istenilen seviyede de\u011fil ve bunun reklam sekt\u00f6r\u00fc i\u00e7in ciddi f\u0131rsatlar sunmas\u0131 engel oldu\u011fu kadar yeni i\u015f alanlar\u0131n\u0131 da sahaya \u00e7ekmesi demek. \u00d6zel sekt\u00f6r olmadan turizmde ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 elde edemeyece\u011fini anlayan her \u00fclke ciddi hamleler yap\u0131yor. Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n Afrika\u2019da turizmi canland\u0131rmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterli kredi bulma konusunda ciddi engelleri var. Bu a\u015f\u0131lmadan uluslararas\u0131 otel zincirlerinin k\u0131tada yak\u0131n gelecekteki yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeleri kolay de\u011fil. \u00dclkelerin vergi d\u00fczenlemelerini g\u00fcncellemeleri gerekiyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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BA\u015eARAN \u00dcLKELER<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Fas, M\u0131s\u0131r, G\u00fcney Afrika ve Tunus\u2019un turizmdeki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131, Afrika\u2019da bu \u00fclkeleri art\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k 10 milyonu a\u015fan turist say\u0131lar\u0131 ile \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor. Kenya, Etiyopya, Nijerya ve Tanzanya gibi hem kendi n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 hem de sunduklar\u0131 imkanlarla bu sahada d\u00fcnyada markala\u015fan otellerle Afrika turizmine milyonlarca yeni m\u00fc\u015fteri kazand\u0131ranlar dikkatlerden ka\u00e7m\u0131yor. Ruanda\u2019n\u0131n son y\u0131llarda g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hassasiyetleri ile ba\u015fkenti Kigali\u2019nin en temiz \u015fehir se\u00e7ilmesi ve turistlere sundu\u011fu yeni imk\u00e2nlar, gelecek i\u00e7in umutlar\u0131 daha da art\u0131r\u0131yor. Afrika denilince genelde akla isimleri gelen \u00fclkeler yan\u0131nda belki isimleri s\u00f6ylendi\u011finde onlarda m\u0131 bu k\u0131tada denen ada \u00fclkeleri var. Bunlar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131nda turizm gelirleri \u00fclkelerin GSY\u0130H\u2019lerinin y\u00fczde 50\u2019den fazlas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Hint Okyanusu\u2019nun Afrika k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na yak\u0131n Sey\u015feller Adas\u0131, bu anlamda d\u00fcnya genelinden \u00e7ok say\u0131da turist \u00e7eken bir ada \u00fclkesi. Bunu ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgedeki Moritus ve Reunion adalar\u0131 izliyor. Belki bu anlamda en model \u00fclkelerden biri, Atlas Okyanusu\u2019nun Senegal sahiline 600 km mesafedeki Ye\u015fil Burun Adalar\u0131 dedi\u011fimiz Kabo Verde Adalar\u0131 olarak g\u00f6steriliyor.<\/span><\/p>

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9 adas\u0131nda toplam 700 bin kadar bir n\u00fcfusa sahip olan bu \u00fclkenin \u00f6zellikle Sal Adas\u0131, \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli turist \u00e7eken yerlerden biri. Yap\u0131lan ciddi yat\u0131r\u0131mlarla yak\u0131n gelecekte Afrika\u2019n\u0131n Maldivleri olarak bilinecek.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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T\u00dcRK F\u0130RMALARI \u00c7OK BA\u015eARILI<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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\u015eimdilerde 100 milyona yak\u0131n havayolu yolcu kapasitesini yakalayan Afrika \u00fclkeleri, art\u0131k bunlar\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc turistik ihtiyac\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00f6nemsiyor. D\u00fcnya genelinde 188 bin otel ve 18 milyona yak\u0131n oda imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde Afrikal\u0131lar\u0131n bu sahada alaca\u011f\u0131 epeyce mesafe var. Belki bu da k\u0131tay\u0131 cazip hale getiriyor. Son 20 y\u0131lda Afrika\u2019daki bir\u00e7ok marka otelin in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcstlenen T\u00fcrk firmalar, bu anlamda \u00e7ok ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda i\u015flettikleri otellerle de kendilerinden s\u00f6z ettiriyorlar. \u00dclkemizde bu sekt\u00f6r i\u00e7in gerekli her t\u00fcrl\u00fc malzemenin \u00fcretilmesi ve k\u0131taya giderek artan bir seviyede pazarlanmas\u0131, ticari ili\u015fkilerimizi de ciddi oranda art\u0131r\u0131yor. Otelcilik ve \u00f6zellikle y\u00f6netim konusunda yeti\u015fmi\u015f \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan\u0131m\u0131z bu k\u0131tan\u0131n farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerinde i\u015f buluyor. 42 \u00fclkede 60\u2019\u0131 a\u015fan noktaya tarifeli yolcu seferleri yan\u0131nda kargo hizmetleri de d\u00fczenleyen THY, bu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 etkile\u015fimde Afrika turizmine do\u011frudan ve dolayl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p>

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COV\u0130D-19 YAVA\u015eLATTI\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Afrika\u2019da orta s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n giderek b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi, gen\u00e7 n\u00fcfusun h\u0131zla artmas\u0131, k\u0131ta \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00e7ok \u00fcyesi bulunan serbest ticaret anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi, yerel ve b\u00f6lgesel turizmin artmas\u0131 ve tabiatla i\u00e7 i\u00e7e milli park alanlar\u0131n\u0131n turizme y\u00f6nelik gezi programlar\u0131 devreye sokulmas\u0131 ile turizm, Afrikal\u0131lar i\u00e7in l\u00fcks bir alan olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce bir ge\u00e7im kap\u0131s\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Yerel \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin pazarlanmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok i\u015f kolunda yeni istihdam alanlar\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131. Sadece turizmden yararlananlara hizmet eden Afrikal\u0131lar yerine bizzat bu imk\u00e2n\u0131 kendileri de kullananlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 art\u0131k onlarca milyonla ifade edilir hale geldi. 55 milyar dolarl\u0131k turizm gelirleri her ne kadar d\u00fcnya genelindeki pay\u0131n hen\u00fcz y\u00fczde 5\u2019i kadar da olsa bu, b\u00fcy\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar i\u00e7in ba\u015fka k\u0131talarda geli\u015fmesini dura\u011fanla\u015ft\u0131ran turizm sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn yeni istikametini bu co\u011frafyaya y\u00f6neltiyor. Belki binlerce otelden olu\u015fan b\u00fcy\u00fck otel zincirlerinin her birinin Afrika\u2019da \u015fu an birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz\u00fc bulan otel say\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 art\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p>","slug":"21-yuzyilda-afrikanin-sansi-turizm-sektoru","orjinalimage":null,"news_cover_min":null,"news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"cropped_638x552":null,"cropped_310x208":null,"cropped_416x247":null,"cropped_197x247":null,"cropped_416x600":null,"cropped_1200x675":null,"tags":null,"meta_title":null,"meta_description":null,"meta_keywords":null,"view_count":1675,"yt":0,"ytid":"","ytimage":null,"imgdate":"2000-01-01 00:00:00","cuff_cover":null,"cropped_358x214":null,"cropped_842x474":null}]}}